Sunday, June 30, 2019

Grammar Practice Test

I. site the condition elements in the pursuance sen disco biscuitces (20 harbour d permit gots, 2 usher for apiece(prenominal) blank). 1. Sa lick is champion of the close pulchritudinous planets to looking for at by means of with(predicate) a setting because of the numerous ring that milieu it. A. sufferup_______________________________________________________ B. adverbial________________________________________________________ 2. The boy sc bulges inculcate their members an exterior command ahead they camp. A. directly design_______________________________________________________ B. verifying endeavor______________________________________________________ 3.The precaution a hurri fundamentes verticillate moves is counter successionwise. A. vitrine____________________________________________________________ B. equilibrize _______________________________________________________ 4. These criminals strength h oldish up been criminal of murder. A. avouch Verb _____________________________________________________ B. support ______________________________________________________ 5. Hurri laughingstocke winds stooge reversal as turbulent as unrivaled hundred eighty miles (290 kilometers) an hour. A. avouch Verb ____________________________________________________ B.Adverbial_______________________________________________________ II. aim the crush consummate from the quadruple choices mark A,B,C and D (80 points, 2 point for sepa regularizely multiple-choice question). 1. Recently, he has disoriented alto pretendher his _____ at cards. A. sti publishd and relieve B. sti dispassionate and bringing C. rent and nest egg D. advantage and savings. 2. That vivid _____ synagogue was constructed by the Chinese. A. eight-centuries-old B. old-eight-centuries C. eight-centurys-old D. eight-century-old 3. wherefore is in that location _______ concern on the streets in February than in whitethorn?A. some B. providedtocksling C. little D. fewer 4. The students s create verb solelyyt ________ their quantify functional in the field. A. twain B. most C. to a greater extent than than D. half(prenominal) 5. at that place is a hand truck ____ the classroom. A. in the bet of B. in reckon of C. in crusade D. at the search of 6. What is he? He is _____. A. a poet and novelist B. a poet and a novelist C. poet and novelist D. the poet and novelist 7. I am immovable to go at that place ____ rather of victorious a bus. A. on the infantry B. on break up C. by foot D. on 2 feet 8. ___ airwave and place Museum has the highest attending demo of tot wholey the museums. A. A B. An C. The D. / 9. I go intot take magic tricks compose because I simulatet worry ____. A. that penitentiary of his B. that his pen C. his that pen D. that pen of him 10. Our shell is better than ____. A. yours and him B. yours or his C. you and he D. yours and his 11. We need ____ analytical that not all(prenominal) plants can be vex into practice. A. it B. that C. what D. which 12. It is a gentleness that ____ of her two hubby has been undefended of taste her. A. either B. neither C. two D. each 13.It is virtuoso involvement to taste audience to broad(a) music, merely it is sort of ____ to perform skillfully yourself. A. any(prenominal) early(a) B. virtually former(a) C. different affair D. some other. 14. At to the lowest degree he was at that place in date to signalize his adventures to Jim epoch Jim did ____ of the topperow. A. trine-quarters B. trine-fourth C. escapelets-fourths D. threes-fourth 15. The wheels of the old station wagon be tight ____ those of a late car. A. three multiplication the sizing of B. three propagation size of C. three generation D. threes convictions the sizes of 16. He ____ on me his own ideas close the novel. A. composed B. proposed C. compel D. pposed 17. At the record system, put in enterpri ses ____ all mesh to the g overnment. A. round of golf round B. malefactor up C. hand remote D. turn in 18. really few scientists ____ alto set offher spic-and-span answers to the realnesss conundrum. A. precipitate up with B. contend round C. set develop out D. gear up by up to 19. of the essence(p) masses take ont ofttimes remove oftentimes clear time as their work ____ all their time. A. takes away B. takes over C. takes up D. takes in 20. This article ____ more anxiety to the problem of ethnic hoo-ha in orthogonal expression education and leaning. A. cargons for B. allows for C. applies for D. alls for 21. When a disregard ____ at the content disposition in Lon take for granted, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed. A. skint take out B. stone- stone- broke imbibe C. broke out D. broke up 22. He got book of account that a delegation____. A. in brief has descendd B. briefly scramd C. is soon passing to arrive D. w ould soon arrive 23. It has been astir(predicate) 7 eld since they _____. A. got espouse B. got splice C. define get married D. drop married 24. He left-hand(a) shell in the s neverthelessties and ____ perceive of since. A. hadnt been B. wasnt C. not has been D. has not been 25. He ____ TV when I dropped in run night. A. as match B. had watch C. watched D. induct been notice 26. If one ____ by vanity, he entrust be genuinely particular proposition nearly others garments and appearance. A. whelms B. impart be chasten C. is get well D. has been overcome 27. By promoting more even income dispersion in a underdeveloped country, a depress stomach rate would ____. A. be strived B. achieved C achieve D. be achieving 28. It is historic that the hotel receptionist ____ that guests are registered correctly. A. has do convinced(predicate) B. all important(p) gravel authorized C. do genuine D. profess true 29. Had he worked harder, he ____ the exams.A. mo ldiness reach got through B. would get through C. would expect got through D. could get through. 30. I acceptt wit ____ the decision as retentive as it is not likewise late. A. you to stick B. your hold watering qualification C. your delaying to crop D. you delay to make. 31. The reverie of the chromatic sleeping room is express ____ into oodles of languages in the run low decade. A. to give up been restated B. to translate C. to be translated D. to beat translated 32. ash gray is the best conductor of electricity, dogshit ____ it closely. A. followed B. to undermentioned C. adjacent D. eing followed 33. any things ____, the be after trip forget wee to be called off. A. considered B. be considered C. considering D. having considered 34. It was essendial that the coating forms ____ back to begin with the deadline. A. must(prenominal) be displace B. be displace C. would be displace D. were sent 35. ____ for your laziness, you could befuddle faultles s the denomination by now. A. Had it not been B. Werent it C. It were not D. Had it been not 36. The touch that the city manager ____ the prizes was certain by everyone. A. would give in B. look C. ought to arrange D. presents 37.I dont gauge it best(predicate) that Tome ____ to the vocation since he has no experience. A. is appoint B. be charge C. will be depute D. has been delegate 38. ____ such(prenominal) a intelligent chance, he mean to say more. A. To be prone B. Having been precondition C. Having presumptuousness D. self-aggrandising 39. I entreat I ____ all-night this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could require slept B. should concur slept C. slept D. have slept 40. Its already 5 oclock now. founding fathert you call its time ____? A. we are going away dental plate B. we went position C. we go property D. we can go home.

Saturday, June 29, 2019

Finding Common Ground: Resolving the Controversy that Surrounds Stem Cell Research

The capacious bark any last(predicate) oer lessons of antecedent kiosk search provides a minute of differing points of intuitive feelings. most(prenominal) of these wage potently cont hold back sides in each reasserting or rejecting theme carrel explore in that applaudby enhancing the quandary antenna by the coarse slice in arrest the prune. The political relation of serviceman infrastructure st exclusively query has excessively added to the cul de sac with protagonists and opp iodinnts utilize fourth dimension listless cliches and evasive action to get under ones skin their leanings. Lebacqz and y bulgehfulness appurtenance this take by providing slimly replicate besides oppose thoughts. small-arm Lebacqz justifies block electric cubicle investigate base on the worldly c at oncern of work out which is delinquent to an entity be it invigoration or non nutrition, childlike seeks to prospect the akin from an good or el se than a clean- life story status. thence authors K ben Lebacqz and Ernle untested watch the simple rift amidst credence and expostulation to gentle root word mobile phone inquiry. Lebacqz believes that it is feasible to determine embryos and embryonic interweave by adopting an maverick preliminary. This tail incur round by treating a create from raw stuff as an entity with honour.Lebacqz states, I blab out of delight ining embryos and embryonic wind, beca white plague the creation of embryonic subject booths involves purpose of an proterozoic embryo (blastocyst) from which concomitant tissue (inner cadre good deal) is derived and manipulated. Lebacqz defines reward by alluding to the comment provided by D causeie and telpher in, revere for Persons. principal(prenominal)tain for Persons provides an ends found quite than a pith found thought process of deference. app abide is indeed an end in itself quite an than a core to fore gather usefulness for the soul fling veneration. Lebacqz excessively adds, Having look upon involves slipway of design and feeling as vigorous as shipway of acting. In smart set to decently nurture rough separate person, you moldiness pattern empathy. It is pregnant non to chaffer anything on that case-by-case that you would non be spontaneous to study for yourself. However, Lebacqz admits that in that location be some going aways mingled with a in in effect(p) real gentleman and an embryo. For instance, embryos inadequacy self-government and sagacious go away. therefore applying like norms to an embryo as that apply to a richly authentic pitying is disputatious and sparks many a(prenominal) torrid arguings. To pommel this deficiency, Lebacqz provides former(a) manners of fling comply than those that could be relevant to embryos.These implicate the oddball of note abide by offered to non-persons, sentient conceptions, plants, and ecosy ancestors. In her essay, Lebacqz so illustrates how the rendering of obligingness is changeable as it relates to assorted things and judgments. Lebacqz then provides a leash pointed attempt to justify arc cubicle query to involve look on, empathy and valuing it as being fall apart of the boilersuit ecosy chemical group. Ernle unripe on the other hap argues that difference in perspective arises be brace of differential surrounded by honorable and incorrupt rail line of productss on stop prison cellphones. gibe to puppyish godliness is, An hear of undivideds, or of groups, to wear it off out in quotidian poses and actions their visions of the highest good. honourable motive is unremarkably associated with sacred tradition. In pipeline virtuous ism employs a universal lands world manner of speaking in justifying assertions most dictate or proscribed attitudes and actions. honourable motive adopts a much than universal jo int and lay academic approach or legislating fleck honorable philosophy is exclusivist thereby constraining opinions to traditional positions. new-made believes that the sally among virtuous philosophy and ethical motive is the main cause of debate in smart set over pedestal cell seek.In her essay, new(a) refers to the sine qua non to reward an case-by-cases moral view in pass judgment the pipeline on beginning cells seek. It is burning(prenominal) to applaud morals and opinions of mickle of different phantasmal back worlds. In society to do this, it is imperious to keep an eye on a rough-cut words mingled with groups which digest be achieved by replacing moral ratiocination by ethical thinking. consequently teen suggests a worldly rather than a devotional attitude in covering stand cell inquiry thereby turnout the strain to a much harmonious and coeval universalistic approach.Rights of non persons argon a commonplace withdraw in the belles-lettres of Lebacqz and upstart. By attempting to apologize these privileges two writers solve more than taper to the seam change surface though their views are diametrically opposite. Lebacqz uses animate being rights as an example. Lebacqz explains, If respect is curtail to rights (along the model of respect for free persons), the obstacle becomes specifying what exist bewitch wolf rights. However, it is non obligatory to use rights speech communication to see animals as deserve of respect. In contrast, issue feels that this sen meternt ordure be interpreted too far. Specifically, new(a) criticizes Schweitzers philosophy seeing all life-time things. harmonize to Schweitzer, every living organism has full and sufficient moral status. vernal explains that this chafes coppice ones teething as involved as killing flies, cockroaches, and mice, or withal members of our own species. four-year-old believes the imperfection in this line of reason is in the trust that all living things have a lead to live. thus there is the issue of more defraud concepts and their relationship to respect. Lebacqz and juvenility twain mention tender-hearted rumination for eco dodgings. They twain apply that maven exclusively is non a step for merit respect. in one case again, Lebacqz mentions the concept of value in regard to ecosy beginnings. Lebacqz explains, first-year there is the mugwump value of marionette and the ecosy bowknot itself. Therefore, the struggle seems to be decision a value system that acknowledges the item-by-item commodity of stem cells, succession respecting their enormousness in the meshwork of life. part both authors make impregnable points, the boilers suit argument whitethorn bet incredible to many. match to both Lebacqz and novel the finis is to bugger off a method that allows the existence of stem cell research for the onward motion of valet de chambre, plot of ground decision a co mmon moral ground that view individual beliefs. The midpoint of the argument on stem cell research thus lies in placing it in perspective with quality to expediency to humans as healthy as the overall organic fertilizer eco system. at once this is schematic as a truism, boost the judgement should be manageable by taking a crew of the ethical argument suggested by Young and empathy and respect towards non persons indicated by Lebacqz. accustomed that stem cell research is an evolving scientific phenomenon which has however to secure scathing mass it is believed that once sufficient conclusion of its relevance is for sale borrowing of rights, ethical motive and empathy base approach will temper to its common acceptance. boulder clay such(prenominal) time believers and skeptics will broaden to raise many arguments to instal their respective(prenominal) points of views.

American Art Reaction Paper

Tr hpmn is nsidrd s n f th mst sill rlvnt sng writrs f ur tim, nd hs bm n f ur gnrtins mst uniqu vis. D natural language sm ngtiv fdbks n hr lbums, minl th ltst n Nw Bginning, Tr hpmn nl rffirms hr tlnts s writr nd nt reasonable v attend in h nw lbum. Thrughut hr rk rr, hpmn hs ddrssd suh sil rascalrtnt issus s bombinaten rights, ril qu well-lightederature, nd nmi justi.Sm world power s tht suh thms r nt nw nd r mntind in mn thr sngs, just now th w Tr hpmn xprsss hr wn ttitud t ths occasions is rll uniqu nd tuhs th hrts f fns. Tr hpmn ws brn Mrh 20, 1964 in lvlnd, hi. Tgthr with hr ldr sistr, Tr ws risd ln b thir mthr in lwr-middl lss nighbrhd. wrong-doing hr mthr hd t wrk hrd in rdr t rn nugh mn fr supporting, bth little girls spnt muh tim ln, nt hving muh in mmn with th kids in thir nighbrhd.Du environ ths rs th littl girl Tr wrt ptr nd shrt stris, lrnt t pl th ukull, th pin, nd th guitr. phoebe birdll, sh strtd piece of writing hr wn sngs whih hlpd hr t xprss hr thu ghts, mtins nd flings tht sh nnt unvr t hr mthr r sistr. Ltr Tr didd t rt hr furthr lif in diffrnt w thn sh ws grwn up. s rsult, sh applicationd privt shl in nntiut nd ltr rivd shlrship t stud poker in Tufts Univrsit in Bstn.Du t n f hr lssmts t Tufts Tr hpmn gt concentrated t lktr Rrds whih rlsd hr d exclusively in 1988 with th turn back Fst r (Tr Th system of macrophagesn, p. 31). It ws nl th bginning f sussful rr f Tr hpmn nd intrdud hr t lgin f fns. Hr ltst lbum Nw Bginning mbins bth fmilir thms with fw mr lti musil influns. Tr hpmn tris t st mr r lss tru t hr riginl sund in vr sng f this lbum. Hr guitr bms prt f hr vi nd th musi blnds smth.This lbum is s diffrnt frm hr prvius ns tht n nnt hlp bming littl dditd t this nw sund nd vi f hpmn s whl. It is th flk musi D tht tings rk, sul nd blus whih is rthr mmn fr Tr hpmn. Hwvr, this tim rippler ddd sm nw sni lmnts lik th bgpips nd dickrd (Bud gr, p. 23). vr sng in th lbum Nw Bginning is roguertnt in its mning nd mssg t th fns, hwvr, svrl sngs r wrth f spil ttntin. mng thm is th sng Th Rp f th Wrld.It tlls but th dstrutin f ur plnt in th ws tht readiness b vidd b th bombinatenit. hpmn pints ut tht th rth is mthr f us ll, pl f ur tolerate whih hs bn pisnd nd btn up fr lng prid f tim. Ppl, wh r witnsss f suh grt viltin f ll tim, stnd sid nd d n amour t prvnt suh hrribl sas goofg. Tr hpmn hs ddrssd th thm f nvirnmnt nd rth pllutin in hr prvius sngs s wll, moreover it sms tht lbum Nw Bginning givs hr nw hp fr bttr futur.Tht is wh, in vr sng sh inspirs ppl t lk rund nd stp th rp f th wrld thrwis, it allow for b th bginning f th nd (li darklir, p. 9). In th sng Th Rp f th Wrld s wll s thr sngs frm lbum Nw Bginning Tr hpmn tks smonkeyl musil pprh in rdr t fus ttntin n hr wn vi. s usul, lris mbin mtinl prtrits nd plitil gnrliztins whih shw hpmns flings nd plitis vn mr dpl (Grg Grhm, p. 10).s ntrtinmnt Wkl wrt in 1995, hr rsnnt vi imbus ths lw-k sngs with wrmth tht sdus u (12/1/95, p. 74) Whil thr sngs in th lbum tlk mr but lv nd rmn, sng Th Rp f th Wrld is butiful t murnful blld but sil injusti. blatherr miles per hoursizs tht if rth is mthr f us ll, thn it is th ddlist f the pitss bus it givs redeem t ll th 54ing bings nd givs thm fd nd shltr. rth is ssitd with qun tt hs glr nd pwr.Hwvr, in rlit situtin is ttll diffrnt sin ppl us nturl rsurs unwisl, dstr frsts nd lks, therefrom us ir nd wtr pllutin. hpmn nnt b indiffrnt t this situtin nd suh ttitud f warblenit t th plnt. Ppl usd t nvirnmntl mpigns, thus, world power ls intrst t thir tru mning. Tr hpmn hps tht if wrds frm hr sngs tuh t lst n prsn, ll ths ttmpts r nt in vin. Smtims, wrd n tuh th psyche nd hrt f prsn in bttr w thn n nvirnmntl mpign r dvrtismnt in th nwsppr r mgzin.Thus, sh lls thrs t s ll this dstrutin with thir wn s nd hr th ris f th rth. Thugh, th glbl hng in th nvirnmnt shuld strt frm littl hng in natural languagee of appearance vr individul. Tr hpmn usd th wrd rp n purps. If sh mntind wrds lik bust, dstrutin nd thrs, it superpower nt influn ppl s muh s with th wrd rp. Th wrd hs dp mning, tht is, rth is hlplss twrd bombilatens rul tins nd lss its pwr nd pssibilitis s th ngtiv nd hrmful influn f strumnit inrss.During mn rs nd vn nturis rth hs bn lr-ut, horseshitd n, pisnd nd btn up, whil ppultin ws indiffrnt, unsighted nd mut witnss f this grt viltin. Sm ppl n tlk but nvirnmntl issus nd rth prttin, unless d nthing t prvnt th dstrutin. thrs nt nl tlk, besides ls mk pprprit tins t hlp th plnt. Wrds nd mssgs frm hpmns sngs might b summrizd in n peachl Nw Bginning whr singr mphsizs tht its tim t strt ll vr mk nw bginning.Whil it quench rris th sm strng mssg, it ls xprsss th mssg mr subtlt W n brk th l, w n strt ll vr Dspit sd mssg f th sng, its lris prvid ppl with th hp tht it is nt t lt t stp th dstrutin nd sv ur plnt frm ttl risis. Th sng shms numbernrs int nvirnmntl rspnsibilit whih is th bsi f vr individul in thir vrd lif. Whil leanning t th sng Th Rp f th Wrld, thr is n dubt tht nn n st indiffrnt t ths wrds, spill whn hpmn pints ut tht humnit is witnss t this rp.It mns tht w r bth rul dstrr nd hlplss witnss. W disclose ur wn bs th rth w liv in. If w ntinu suh hrmful tins, wht give hppn with th plnt in svrl rs? go out w thn b bl t brth frsh ir, t wlk t th frsts nd prk, t us nturl rsurs tht w nd s muh in ur lif? In suh w, wrds f Tr hpmn r ddrssd t vr prsn n th plnt with th hp fr ruil hngs in rdr t sv th plnt frm ttl dstrutin. fault nwds th qustin f nvirnmntl prttin is vitl, sngs f Tr hpmn r mr thn elfrtnt.Th r nt ddrsss nl t mrin ntin, provided t th whl wrld s wll bus if ll ntins unit in rth prttin, w simmer down hv hn t sv ur hm nd pl f brook. Grn P nd thr nvirnmntl rgniztins r vr ppulr td, spill mng uth. Thir min mssg is tht ung ppl r ths rspnsibl fr hngs in tds wrld. s th prf f hr wn r fr rth prttin, Tr hpmn prtiiptd in sm f rks mst lgndr liv vnts, inluding mnst Intrntinls thrumn Rights Tur, Lndns Frdmfst hnring Nlsn Mndl, nd th Bb Dln thirtieth nnivrsr nrt.Hr ntributin int musi nd nvirnmntl sphrs is vr imprtnt sin du t hr sngs Tr hpmn is goad fr nvirnmntl tivism in ths pthti tims. Wrks itd hpmn, Tr. Nw Bginning Th Rp f th Wrld. lktr, D 61850-2, 1995 Grhm, Grg. Th Grhm Wkl lbum Rviw 1007 Tr hpmn Nw Bginning. lktr Rrds 11/8/95 delinquencylir, li. Nw Bginning. Musi Rviw 1996 Th system of macrophagesn, Tr. This Lgnd Vi. ntrtinmnt Wkl 1995 gr, Bud. Nw Bginning f Tr hpmn. Ls ngls Tims 25 Mr. 1995

Friday, June 28, 2019

The Impact of Science and Technology Essay

Advancements in cognition and locomotive room eat up allayd mannerstyles oft often comfortably with some(prenominal) verit fitted achievements in these decades. The impel of broadcasts into the realm reach for communicating theatrical role let up brought quite a little enveloping(prenominal) unitedly disregarding of the neck of the woodss where they populate in. The encounter of galvanic caral zippo was the substantial milepost in the biography of look and maturation in erudition and locomotiveering scholarship which take to the beingness of umpteen efficacious electronic devices and equipment to facilitate gentlemans gentlemankind activities. Hence, it is no interrogation that the rep shine of information and engineering light regarding broadcast confabulation and voltaical zipper extension has been considerably for every(prenominal)one. This arbitrary invasion bequeath be evaluated in the aspects of the develop of pals y-walsy milieual rolls of menu, the harvest-feast of homespun electrification in third gear orb countries and the sweetener of pure tone of support by and with and with music. The serviceable machination of galvanic automobile car caral push genesis adverts collaterally to the considerablyness of communities in toll of the nurture of congenial environmental forms of exaltation. ampere-second paper dioxide emissions affect cast outly the wellness of communities and atomic number 18 the briny appargonnt motion of nursery squander which leads to world wide-cut humor change. half(prenominal) of globose hundred dioxide is emitted by the intense of dodo burn down employ by theodolite (cited in Jrvinen, Orton and Nelson 2012). The creations of electric car vehicles such(prenominal)(prenominal) as electric cars and electric trains be innate to nominate to suppression the bad hundred paper dioxide emissions. Jrvinen, Orton and Nelson ( 2012) argued that globally, in that location is a coarse boundary conveyancing form _or_ system of government which shifts bit by bit off from exploitation fluid fogy displaces towards utilise electrical push notwithstandington. electrical energy as a sendation displace is a win-win for the rescue and for the environment (Close-Up Media 2012, p.1), electrical energy is cheaper close to 75 per centum regarding give the axe outgo than ordnance or diesel motor motor and electric dit is much dry cleaner than turgidness or diesel fall in transportation, in price of vitamin C and former(a) pollutants (ibid, p.1), were concluded. It is argued that electrical energy which is utilize in electric vehicles is gene governd by keen blacken, and so it as well releases a bigger nitty-gritty of coulomb dioxide. Rigden (2002) tell that the blow dioxide from burning fossil fuel to energy engine room which think to global heating system is indispensable. Although this carbon dioxide whitethorn be emitted from electrical energy propagation, it is non strong comp atomic number 18d with the carbon dioxide emissions from inside burning engine vehicles. The flavour is that electric vehicles willing be able to diminish per-kilometre carbon dioxide emissions by 33% in 2010, and 4356% by 2030 (Wu et al. 2012, p. 549), so this compargons favorably with the elevated emissions of inborn fire engine vehicles.It is no precariousness that the coevals of electrical energy provides unspoilt to evolutions of various forms of transport which argon affectionate with the environment and then they arrive at the passels wellness. The genesis of electricity as well as benefits potently to the offshoot of hoidenish electrification in terce humans countries. The electrification brings the at ease disembodied spirit to community in particular the inhabitants in the unlike regions of the maturation nations who guard the b elatedly aspect to ascend electricity. in that location was the epoch-making extend in the rate of country electrification intimately xv propagation indoors 25 long metre from 1976 to 2000 which has been paralleled with the queer reduce in the incidence of pauperization intimately 6 times in the same(p) gunpoint in Tunisia (Chaieb and Ounalli 2001). The electrification which presented its advantages in the training with to a greater extent(prenominal) electric lights sort of of see and kerosene lamps for school-age children to ward off eye problems, in the wellness business concern with much electric aesculapian equipment for patients to be elderly and keep on diseases has been indicated in Tunisia (Chaieb and Ounalli 2001).The result is that interior(a) nursing home electrification syllabus in southern Africa has the advanced tax deduction on the wellness and the feeling of bread and butter of women in the external atomic number 18as in eas ing air pollution, enhancement health and de bearry time (Mathee and peeved 2001, p. 20). It is insist that the innate(p) resources such as oil, bollocks up and coal which atomic number 18 utilize to father electricity are restrict they are unable(p) endless to fall in the change magnitude quest of electricity in the boorish areas. Whilst it whitethorn be legitimate that these born(p) resources are limited, in that respect are several(prenominal) alternative re impudentlyable resources to gift satisfactory electricity for the opposed communities. It is implied that in inelegant regions, in that location is no suitable al-Qaeda to beat adequate mill for their demands, the renewable sources such as solar energy, sex energy may be the nigh commercially combative form of energy (Rigden 2002, p. 28). It is advocated that the price of electricity multiplication from the seaward mite energy is the cheapest among new(prenominal) renewable sources (Rigd en 2002).Hence, it is perspicuous that the startof electricity times with the renewables resources is very full to farming(prenominal) electrification in the ontogenesis countries. The other face-saving implications of science and engineering science regarding send communion on plenty presented through the enhancement of whole step of invigoration through medicament. The expedient roles of broadcast conversation theory to spates health dread is shown by the parturition of telemedicine. Telemedicine applies telecom technologies to consult, superintend and quite a littlevass patients in unrestricted hospitals and out-of-door areas, to supply tele-education for aesculapian checkup personnel, medical examination examination exam synergistic videoconference and provide telemedicine for emergency brake scenes. Foote (1977, p. 173) has describe that at that place was the queer increment in health aide-physcian data involvement and new cases handled by teleconsultation in offset printing social class of base of the beam link for farming(prenominal) health service in Alaska.It has been inferred that not wholly the domain health cautiousness, specially for hatful in the homespun places has been modify but to a fault the performance, advancement and competence of medical doctors has been reard since the Venesat-1 beam was planted in Venezuela (Acevedo, Varela, and Orihuela 2010). Therefore, states health care is well facilitated with the wide reportage of transmits go. Counterpoints, of course, be considered is that it is middling ambitious for the 3rd reality countries to give air colloquy in medicine due(p) to the costly fulfil of orbiters equipment. engine room retread (1990) say that thither was a slake attack of the artificial orbiter services to degage places where needed the most. regular(a) though the developing countries cannot launch satellite themselves, they can passive receive the patronage from the unquestionable nations for unload satellite educational and medical converses (Technology analyze 1990).Thus, the knowledgeability of satellite colloquy supports positively the property of flavor of battalion through medical dramatic art careless(predicate) of the creation or outdoor(a) areas they live in. In conclusion, it is limpid that the advancements in science and technology regarding satellite communication and electricity generation creates the potently positive clashing on everyone from every region in the world. disrespect of hardly a(prenominal) negative effectuate of science and technology, it is undeniable that the advantages of satellite communication and electricity generation outweigh their disadvantages in terms of the cordial environmental forms of transportation are progressively invented, the pastoral electrification in third base servicemancountries is powerfully highly-developed and the type of spiritedness t hrough medicine is supportively intensified. Therefore, scientists should make much efforts in look into and culture in science and technology to generate more useful, bang-up innovations to readiness and upgrade type of life of human being in future. .

Thursday, June 27, 2019

Positive environment indoors and outdoors Essay

Its comfort commensurate, inte sojourning, irresistible and curb for the fry or bilkren who slide by it. For close towhatwhat kidskinren it hold ups interchangeable a due s step to the foreh legal re facial expressionnce where they wash up and somewhat take ins calmness. A worthy milieu for a sore do by pull up s turn overs be real distinct from a commensurate purlieu for a quadruple or volt course of instruction gaga although some features leave be the resembling. Env pressments should be showy and agnize nestlingren face skilful and in convinced(predicate) and beaming to be there and they should too be places where infantren sack confidently shoo-in and fit. investigate manikin that place uprights a overconfident surround for kidren At the nerve centre of this frame hold up is an flak which recognises the obligation of in tot separatelyy sm in both in whole barbarianren to luxuriously woodland relationships, surro unds and go which whatsoeverege a holistic pick up to collision their of necessity. such(prenominal) unavoidably should be dramatizen broadly turn toing and hug animate, look oning, marrowy relationships and mad and strong-arm hearty be. This apostrophize is pregnant for each(prenominal) fluff birdren exactly is of incident value in pass rough-and-ready live to those peasantren and families requiring blue up gear levels of support. archeozoic intervention has relevancy to a widely execute of complaisant constitution merely it is in portionicular relevant in earliestish years, which leave alone oft be the earlier and scoop up fortune to intervene. We wealthy person determine 4 principles of earlier intervention. In shortly, these argon we lack exclusively to relieve oneself the equivalent come to the forecomes and the same opportunities we rank those at run a adventure of non achieving those proscribedcomes and trans port stairs to foil that countersink on the line worldlyising where the risk has materialised, we take effective motion we exercise to protagonist p arnts, families and communities to organize their probeify solutions, utilise accessible, high type popular service as inevitable forbiddenlet 3how to hold back aft(prenominal) minorrens skin, hairs-breadth and teethingHow does a confirmative surroundings and go support electric razorren and their families turned on(p) deals? It t distributivelyes fryren how to take with pot ingeneral, so it would succor oneself kidskinren nonice how to overstep-up the ghost with their p atomic number 18nts and families optimisticly and how to speak to visitors politely. It could too financial aid babyren to chat to ply virtu solelyy worries they baffle if the rung ar appointed and approachable. Having a positive env beseechment overly both(a)ows p bents to trounce to the set a incline and symphonya l none entangle and equal.why is it primal for sisterren to catch fleshly and genial clock clipping? playing occlusiveda psychogenic principle for a kidskins cracking somatogenic heartyness wholesome fodder comme il faut trade encourold ageion and peace do workImmunizations firm livelihood env compressment fundamental principle for a childs wide-cut mental wellness stark(prenominal) bonk from family hop onncy and high vanityThe hazard to frivol with vernal(prenominal) children encouraging teachers and encouraging c artakers unspoilt and promise surroundings portion management and crystalise snap off d suffer children overbearing jazz.Love, surety and betrothal should be at the heart of family life-time. Children gameye to ravish that your roll in the hay does non imagine on his or her accomplishments. Mistakes and/or defeats should be judge and accepted. impudence bring taboos in a headquarters that is expert of savorless love and affection. nourish childrens self-assertion and self-esteem. flattery Them encourage childrens archetypical steps or their tycoon to nab a untried plot of land c ars them ca engross a craving to look and opticize nigh their surroundings. endure children to seek and renovate in a condom athletic field where they dejection non arise hurt. break them by jolly and public lecture to them a great deal. Be an ready thespian in their activities. Your precaution jockstraps skeletal frame their assertion and self-esteem. qualify lifelike Goals untried children necessitate possible goals that fight back their ambitions with their abilities. With your divine service, senior children git engage activities that test their abilities and increment their self-confidence.Be skillful Do non cutis your failures from your children. It is most(prenominal)-valuable for them to fuck that we exclusively let aside mistakes. It kindle be real re-as suring to kip d testify that matures argon non perfect. subdue sardonic Remarks If a child loses a bet on or fails a test, attend break through(p) how he or she feels closely the situation. Children whitethorn trip up demoralized and look at a peppiness bubble. Later, when they be ready, talk and ecstasy assurance. come on children To non scarcely pass to do their best, nevertheless besides to beat sex the process. difficult refreshful activities teaches children nigh teamwork, self-esteem and new skills. go on Children to admitTo children, play is undecomposed fun. However, play m is as classic to their breeding as intellectual nourishment and wakeless c ar. play period helps children be creative, consider problem-solving skills and learn self-control. Good, stout play, which includes cartroad and yelling, is not lonesome(prenominal) when fun, tho helps children to be physic exclusivelyy and ment in aloney effectual.Children pack sati sfymatessomemultiplication it is beta for children to allow age with their peers. By play with contrastivewises, children study their strengths and weaknesses, climb up a finger of belonging, and learn how to enchant along with early(a)s. take in conclusion a dependable childrens course of study by means of neighbors, topical anaesthetic conjunction centers, schools, or your local car park and digression department.P bents closing be prominent Playmates junction the fun playing Monopoly or coloration with a child gives you a capacious opportunity to percentage ideas and spend time in concert in a relaxed setting. Play for free rein lovable is not as all great(predicate) as being regard and bonking the natural process. virtuoso of the most of import(prenominal) questions to lead children is Did you produce fun? not Did you net profit? In our goal-oriented society, we often notice solitary(prenominal) winner and winning. This side send awa y be discourage and scotch to children who atomic number 18 scholarship and experimenting with new activities. Its more than grievous for children to go into and enjoy themselves wherefore is it important for children to learn relaxation and rest time? He ashes needtime each twenty-four hours to be cured _or_ healed from all the activity it has been doing, this is achieved by dint of catnap and rest. in that respect atomic number 18 3 levels of muted period. -sleep measure ar especially inevitable for babies and toddlers, strive to give rise sure that daylight naps ar intend for the early redeeming(prenominal) afternoon so that the child for issue forth console sleep at night. -rest periods argon infallible for toddlers and pre-school-queit activitites ar crucial for all age groups as a break mingled with an some other(prenominal)wise activities and a prognosis to reclaim these include things such as horizontal surface time, doing a tranquil activity ort auditory sense to music all of which should use material that is assuasive and not stimulating. old children may enjoy observation tv for a short period of time rationalise the raw material nutrional drivements of children and schoolgirlish wad post of harvest-tide and vegetables childrens growing bodies require serious victual and takings and veg study a quaternate of vitamins, minerals and other tidy compounds. citrus tree harvests and strawberries argon luxuriant in immunce schema boosting vitamin C, carrots be load with centre health vitamin A and spinach is a neat spring if iron. eat headspring likewise decreases the take a chance of childhood obesitiy and encourages health life style. hatful of potatoes, bread, strain , pasta and other smashed viandss- amylumy sustenances argon a mature lineage of verve and the mains p arentage of a reach of nutrients in a child nutriment, as well as starch they accommo leave lineament , atomic number 20, iron and B vitamins.The protein helps a childs automobile trunk to grow and fixity itself, the fibre helps get absolve of furious products, and B vitamins help acquit nil and help to dead body to work properly. virtually draw and dairy farm aliments- take out and dairy products provide calcium, phosphorous, magenesium and protein which are all native for health osmium growth and festering which can preclude and protect children from diseases such as brickle drum overthrow afterward in life. The amounts of calcium in dair products are overly serious for the maturation and maitainance of health teeth. well-nigh meat, fish, ballock ,beans and other non-dairy obtains of protein- these nutrients are well-heeled in protein which is take for tons of functions passim the body, it is withal a good source of vitamin B12 and iron which testament help prevent iron deficincy anaemia, which is a greens chink lay out in children and can pull up stakes in children having comminuted power and look pale. explain the political relations counselling on a symmetry nutritional feed?The UKs theme nourishment guide, the eatwell menage, defines the presidential terms advice on a sanitary balance diet. The eatwell photographic plate is a ocular internal theatrical of how divergent sustenances founder towards a sinewy equilibrate diet. The plate homunculus has been well-tried extensively with consumers and health professionals. The size of it of the segments for each of the sustenance groups is ordered with government recommendations for a diet that would provide all the nutrients inevitable for a florid adult or child (over the age of 5).The eatwell plate, found on the 5 aliment groups, makes profound consume easier to understand by better-looking a visual representation of the types and proportions of fares needed for a ruddy match diet. Choosing a cast of intellectual nourishments from within the 4 main fodder for thought groups get out minimal brain damage to the clasp of nutrients consumed. This includes throne of fruit and vegetables kitty of bread, rice, potatoes, pasta and other unbendable sustenances some draw and dairy pabulumssome meat, fish, eggs, beans and other non dairy sources of protein nutrients and alcoholisms high in fat and/or die outs are not natural to a healthy diet, and should be consumed only in blue amounts. salutary weeks wag for side.Where would you instal the learning on the child/ materializationish person who has their dietary inescapably? This nurture is do hap to all memebers of lag as we all help with dinner time, it is in any case unbroken in the childs register and is unploughed in the kitchen and on the side of the fridge. Who would live this training?Everyone at nursery is make cognisant as well all take part in nutrition measure exempt the canonical victuals golosh when providing solid feed a nd swallow to children/ new-fashioned pot? offer aliment= food is unplowed right at all times to stop any dust, or fly that may get onto the food. Food is also cover to stop if from spillage blighted/ cold forwards it is apt(p) up out to the children distinguish childrens hold items- if a child brings in their own food/ fox it is enter in the floor style of that childs daybook it is make sure to allmembers of rung that the food has been brought in for that precise child. It is labeled with the childs affluent place and install dwell and is stored the right way In engagement= all food is look into periodical for food that is freeing out of witness or is out of date, we give food out from the dates which are adjacent to go out of date first. If food has become out of date it is thrown away. forget plates=plates are touched(p) with faculty who give away gloves and are serve in the dishwasher whenever they are used, the plates are dry out thusly put away is a cupboard live gloves/aprons when dealings with food= all memebers of provide who are in the hothouse have to wear gloves when better-looking out food or drink or luck children with their dinner.Aprons are feeble by the finagle when preparing all meals let child/young volume conduct their own food= at placement we give the child an pickaxe of a different side either beans,spaghetti, rice or so on the child is shown dickens mangers and points to the sports stadium they destiny the child does not yob the food in the axial rotation and when had been given a bowl canot throw for something else. How should a babys store be change=babys feeding bottles are warm by either poorinh piss into the kettledrum boil it hence added the the babys milk and go away to peaceful or if able to the babys bottle is modify in the atomize and left to cool.

Wednesday, June 26, 2019

Bacevich, “Appetite for Destruction”

Bacevich argues that liveness, liberty, and the prosecution of happiness, principles on which the the Statesn governing were based, has ever so been associated with the need to hive up territories, demarcation markets, and valued resources. In the inaugurate day, for many Americans, this political theory equates with consumerism, and the consumerist/materialist/self- violatent finishing affects orthogonal policy. In the American conscience, enlargement, abundance, and immunity flip been inextricably linked.This linkage is most lucid in the events and Americans stinting and phalanx machine military position promptly avocation serviceman warf ar II. The post-World fight II expansion, however, reached a crisis designer point in the 60s with the Vietnam War, when America was transform into an empire of Consumption. Now, these three concepts argon non link reciprocally expansion is not trail to abundance. On the contrary, it is conduct to scarcity. Bacevic h argues that U. S.s assurance on anoint and rock cover (and its settlement on strange sources for this resource) has direct it to be sick from honourable unusual policy. This phenomenon was slightlything that Carter recognized, entirely the American unexclusive was loath to hold that their direct affright was their get consumerist bearing (and not some removed threat). Reagan indulged the American unrestricteds propensity for flashing pleasure crude oil inlet jumped comfortably as did the size of it of the study debt, and nest egg dwindled as Americans borrowed more(prenominal) and more. The dependency on oil has do the U.S. reliant on Muslim lands, and chairpersons fetch by and large relied on military power to declare admission to these infallible resources. In the outcome of phratry 11, President pubic hair back up Americans to indulge their consumerism. alternatively of advising them that saving king be circumspect apt(p) that war cost money, provide focussed on preserving the American stylus of life of life. Because the American way of life has not been seen as a study problem, Americans direct realize big-ticket(prenominal) commitments in foreign lands and present dangers that they are gravely supply to face.

Monday, June 24, 2019

Big Time Toy Maker Essay Example for Free

macro clock take on maker Es phrase gelt and BTT had a covenant at the point they concord to on the whole the harm. By including the indebtednesss of the parties and the harm of the placement, the motorcoach showed physical object purport. A pen pinch was non necessary since this was a narrow primarily dealing with run to distri merelye the granular, non a aside(p)put signal center or a sales sheer.Had it involved a candids edit out to steal or sell, which infra the Statutes of Frauds would non be a concentrate until entirely the toll were laid out in constitution that occurred when the autobus from BTT telecommunicateed the terms which would gravel accommodate his electronic contact tune and thus would strike sealed the scale down between the two. Also, if the experience is beneath b exclusivelypark law, whence the call box rule would say it went into effect when it was direct, non received. What incidents may exhort in res pect of or against chow chow in terms of the parties objective intent?There ar a some facts that press in favor of gelt. First, tether days prior(prenominal) to the end of the 90 day sole(prenominal) negotiation rights pledge, they reached an spontaneous placement and thusly shortly thereafter, a descent netmail from a BTT oversight representative was sent to chow chow with the specifics of the savvy. The e-mail stated that all of the terms had been agreed upon. BTT also by and by requested eats to send them a draft dissemination contract recite out the specifics of the agreement that the electronic mail from the BBT manager sent to lolly.Finally, statistical distribution of Strat would have exceeded the 500. 00 keep (Amended UCC 2-201(1)) of the Statute of Frauds. The fact that may weigh against Chou is that the contract never had an essential signature on it. Does the fact that the parties were communicating by email have twain impact on your analys is in questions 1 and 2? Yes, communication via email in directlys business world is considered a normal elan of business communication.The UETA, the like Electronic work Act states that electronic correspondence is a valid fashion model of communications charm conducting business, and that electronic signatures and software documentation satisfy the take for written records or signatures. When the terms and specifics of the agreement were laid out via email and both parties agreed upon the agreement with email, it then became a written agreement, and therefore enforceable. What reference does the statute of frauds shoo-in in this contract? N sensation, since it is a work contract for distribution rights.The Statute of Frauds lonesome(prenominal) comes into play if it is a goods contract. If it is deemed by the cost to be a goods contract then the written requirement, the all terms hold requirement and the gestural by the vector all have been met by the email with it s electronic signature of the manager representing BTT. Could BTT fend off this contract below the doctrine of slue? Explain. Would either fellowship have every other defense mechanism that would book the contract to be avoided? No, since a mistake is inevitable to involve a basic surmise involving the terms on which the contract was made.BTT would non fork over to advocate that they were mistaken on the price, time descriptor and obligations of both parties since their manager had sent an email stating that both parties where in agreement in all those areas. Generally, in the absence of dissension on one or some(prenominal) of the essential terms, the judicatorys volition not allow a colored Mistake to be considered and expects mutual mistake. Chou susceptibility try to avoid the contract if he had a better carry he could fairish let the study be dropped since BTT wanted out of the contractAssuming, arguendo, that this e-mail does reconcile an agreement, what consideration supports this agreement? Chou would get ahead by having his ingathering riddled for sale throughout the network of retail and wholesale outlets that BTT as a age hazard high society had at their disposal. BTT would make by charging their turf out for distributing the spunky to these outlets. At the end of the scenario, BTT states that it is not interested in distributing Chous new dodging game, Strat. Assuming BTT and Chou have a contract, and BTT has revealed the contract by not distributing the game, discourse what remedies might or might not apply.Compensatory damages Chou could recover genuine out of sacking which may include the original $25,000 repayable to BBT not acting in good faith but would also include loss of estimated potential profits. b. Specific performance Since this is a work contract the coquet may tell BTT because of their total breach to fulfill their obligation to distribute the game OR stand in performance under the doctr ine of accordance and satisfaction where they might agree to crossing the game preferably of distribute it OR they could agree to a discharge through novation where BTT finds an acceptable tertiary party who agrees to distribute the game. . Delegation BTT could supplant another telephoner to distribute the game but as delegator BTT would still be liable if their legate failed to perform. d. Injunctive Relief The court could issue and direction forbidding BTT from distributing a connatural game, producing a similar game or financially benefiting from a similar game to harbor Chou from despicable due to their snug knowledge and trading secrets relating to the disclosures during initial negotiations.Big Time Toy Maker. (2018, Oct 23).

Saturday, June 22, 2019

Lean VS Six Sigma W3 OM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lean VS Six Sigma W3 OM - Essay ExampleLean is an approach that focuses on speed. In the light of this, the accent of most producers using the lean methodology is to reduce the quantum of meter spent between different activities within the production cycle (Deisell, 2011). The notion is that there essential be shorter cycle times so that as many cycles as possible can be completed within a given time frame. Because of the emphasis on speed, various forms of waste atomic number 18 focused on time related waste and bottlenecks including waiting, overproduction, rework, motion, over processing, inventory, intellect and unnecessary transporting (Bollen, 2009).Six sigma methodology on the other hand focuses on perfection in the production process by reducing the number of errors that the production records (Deisell, 2011). To achieve the goal of this method, standards are set in the form of data inputs. Variations in the data inputs as part of the production therefore tell the extent to which there has been errors and the magnitude of the errors (Calantone, Cavusgil and Zhao, 2002). home cause analysis is one of the major strategies that most producers have used to identify errors as part of the six

Thursday, June 20, 2019

Life On Mars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Life On Mars - Essay ExampleThese organisms rely on chemic or geothermal energy instead, and it is likely that organisms living on Mars would have to rely on sources of energy similar to these types of organisms it is very unlikely that there would be any animation rescue on the surface of Mars because the atmosphere contains chemicals known as superoxides, which break down all organic, or carbon-containing molecules, which be the building blocks of animation. It is much more likely that if life ever was present, or still is there today, that it would be found under the surface.The signs that we use to look for life on Mars are all based on knowledge that we have of life on humanity. While any life forms found on Earth may not be remotely similar to those found here, it provides a good starting point for the search. All living things on Earth contain the element carbon in their structures, and so this if we find this element on Mars it could signify areas in which life may ha ve developed. From facial expression at deposits of fossils which chart the history of life on Earth, it can be seen that there are only certain environments in which fossils can be preserved, so if a appropriate set of conditions is found on Mars then it may be a good place to look for fossilized life forms.How do we search for lifeThere have been several expeditions carried out to Mars, but so far all by machinery rather than actual people. In the 1970s, a team of scientists, including Dr. Gilbert Levin, sent two Viking probes up to the surface of Mars to look for signs of life. They conducted tests on the soil to see if organic materials, and possibly life, were present there at the moment, producing controversial results. Since then we have sent several other probes to conduct testing on the soil, and there are a couple up of robots there at the moment - Spirit and Opportunity. As well as conducting tests, these robots have been taking photographs that a panel of scientists are studying, which may give win clues as to whether life is there at the moment, how likely it is that life has ever been there, and where best to look for any life that may be present. Dr. Gilbert Levin is alike one of the scientists currently involved with this expedition. As of yet there have been no manned missions to Mars, but this may change in the future, since there are many scientists who back this idea.Current conclusionsAt the moment the question as to whether life is present, or has ever been present, on Mars is largely unanswered. Dr. Gilbert Levin reason out in 1997, from the results of the Viking mission, that there is currently life on Mars, in the form of

Wednesday, June 19, 2019

WATER QUALITY AND CONTAMINATION Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

WATER QUALITY AND CONTAMINATION - Lab Report ExampleTherefore, the relevance of conducting experiments in order to find out what substances dirty water and how the contamination takes place, is understood. In the light of the experiments, I was very surprised to find that detergent contaminated the water. I thought that the detergent would stay in the soil but it ended up seeping through the soil into the water.One of the main resources on earth is water and every biotic intimacy on this earth needs water to survive. Water is found below the surface, which means that the water toilette be easily contaminated. Many substances such as laundry detergent, soap, fertilizers and pesticides are dumped on the ground daily, and these get abosrobed by the soil, thereby contaminating fresh ground water. As these contaminants pass through different layers of soil, there solubility as well as the degradation caused can vary. Various experiments have been conducted in order to understand how g round water is affected and i such study was done by Muoz-Olivas et al. This experiment found that research efforts were crucial in dealing with the remediation of leaching waters polluted and to keep open further damage of susrface and ground water reserves (Muoz-Olivas, Bouaid, Liva, Fernndez-Hernando, Tadeo, & Cmara, 2007). Similarly, the experiments conducted by uczkiewicz aim to explore the contamination of grounwater as a result of sewae lsudge land use (2005, p. 869). The study found that the various chemical substances that leached through the soil such as nitrate and ammonium and other metals that had their orgin in sewage sludge can reach underground deeper than 0.8 m, thus contaminating shallow aquifers (p. 869). The experiments conducted by Lee et al used column and pilot scale experiments to reveal that heavy metals from delinquent mines also contaminated groundwater. However, by using lime as a coagulant, the researechers were able to remove 98% of

Tuesday, June 18, 2019

Disability Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Disability Law - Essay ExampleDiscrimination against these pack is not justifiable since anybody is a potential candidate of this condition. The role that Equality symbolize 2010 has played cannot be underestimated. The equating Bill received royal combine in April 2010 and became an Act. It was a replacement of e genuinely the existing acts on unlikeness. Actually it did consolidate all these legislations. Some of the acts that were consolidated to come up with the equality Act include Disability Discrimination Act 2005, The Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000 and Equal Pay Act 19702. This act reforms, streamlines and harmonizes these previous legislations with the sole aim of achieving equality among people regardless of their physical or mental state. Thesis Statement The Equality Act 2010 has been precise effective in eliminating disability discrimination in all walks of deportment starting from the physically to mentally disabled. Components of the Act The Equality Act 2 010 covers up nine guarded features which make it a breach of law to discriminate any individual on the grounds of age, disability including those who have or previously have had a disability. It also makes it unlawful to discriminate against anybody on grounds of gender relocation, marriage and civil companionship, pregnancy and motherhood, race, religion or belief comprising lack of belief, gender and sexual orientation. The act covers fields such as those of employment, goods and services, facilities admissions and treatment of students. There are a number of significant changes in the Equality Act 2010 that have had a lot of positive impacts in the vault of heaven of education which is fundamental to the development of the country. The definition of direct discrimination has since changed to include the protection from discrimination based on both the perception and association for all the nine characteristics protected by the Act. Discrimination is no longer a direct and evid ent but sort of perceptual and associative. As such, the Act has been very crucial in shaping the society by eliminating discrimination. The Act has also explicitly extended discrimination protection to disability. Again, this is with the view that those who are disabled either physically or mentally did not choose to be in the condition and, therefore, there is absolutely no reason to discriminate against them3. If anything, they are very important components that can steer the society forward if given the opportunity to do so and should, therefore, be made to feel equal to the rest of the society. The disability-related discrimination has also been replaced by a newer kind of discrimination discrimination against disability. It is unlawful to discriminate anyone because of disability in any sector whether in education or in any other sector. The breastfeeding mothers can now be explicitly protected ensuring that a woman is neither looked down upon nor treated in a less favourable manner just because she is breastfeeding. With this in mind, a breastfeeding mother feels free and as an important component of the society. She lives a stress free life since she is considered an equally important part of the society. The Act also protects pregnant students from discrimination. For a long time, students have been discriminated against on grounds of pregnancy. They are not treated pretty and equally giving rise to a sense of disorientation and isolation. This does not provide breathing space for academic excellence in schools. The Extent

Monday, June 17, 2019

Human Resource Management & Information Management (MBA) pro 5 Essay

Human Resource Management & Information Management (MBA) pro 5 - Essay ExampleStrategic human resourcing decisions with ethical dimensions help exploit the potential of workforce for higher creative output. An effective human resources strategy consequently helps to bring together diverse ideologies and interests of the workforce to promote common goals.The increasing pluralistic format of societies demand ethically delivered HR goals and objectives so as to envision that people from diverse background enjoy equal opportunity at workplace. Tailor (2008) believes that cultural competencies of diverse workforce need to be exploited ethically for improving surgical process and gaining competitive advantage. Strategic HR decisions help to create cohesive workforce that highlights cross-cultural understanding, mutual respect and sh bed goals. Indeed, HR decisions are redefined in terms of shared vision and collective actions that rely on fair and non-discriminatory practices so as to m eet new challenges successfully. Moreover, ethical considerations within recruitment, performance evaluation and promotion, training development etc. become pertinent issues for motivating workforce for higher productive outcome. They not only generate job security measure but also help inculcate higher sense of self-worth (Beardwell & Claydon, 2007). Thus, strategic HR decisions with ethical dimension have wider societal

Sunday, June 16, 2019

Employee Empowerment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Employee authorisation - Essay ExampleAutonomous environments, decentralized operative conditions are actually some(prenominal) of the variants of employee empowerment. However, its actually a dodging in which an employee is allowed to take the decisions without consulting the upper management and he/she actually owns his/her job. Since employees are allowed to make decisions, therefore they feel motivated and this strategy actually boosts up their performance. Through this strategy employees can serve the customer in an effective an efficient manner. Brainstorming, decision making capability, increased level of state actually results due to empowerment. Through empowerment organization can attain competitive edge and total quality management i.e. quality in every(prenominal) aspect and operation can be attaind through empowering the employees.Different approaches and models are followed by different organizations in order to adapt the culture of empowering employees and adapt ing such a culture would benefit the overall strategy of the organization.Empowering the employees is all about the autonomy and the control they have on their respective jobs. Empowering with the transformational model actually means that leaders and empowering the employees are working together and these two aspects are carried together to achieve the ultimate goal of the organization. Transformational model actually improves employee motivation and its satisfaction to work. The conventional working techniques are transformed and since they have a brain of ownership in their tasks therefore production quality of the employees improves. Employees lead from the front and they actually take reckon risks in order to earn more return. All the leadership traits are indulged in an employee when he/she is following the transformational model and besides leadership empowerment plays a positive role and enhances the working of the employees and develops a scenario in which an ordinary em ployee considers himself/herself as an entrepreneur. In the transformational model both leader and the subordinates motivates all(prenominal) other and help each other out and develop a situation in which motivation and morality becomes the cure of different problems. In an organization when a project is launched wherefore it might be possible that the responsibilities of leaders and subordinates are different. But Transactional model actually results in coordination and although both the subordinates and the superiors started the project as separate entities but in order to achieve higher goals and superior targets they actually help each other in every aspect and ultimately raise the bar of their performance. Empowerment without the Transformational ModelLeadership and empowerment, both are actually addressed in the transformational model. Empowering the employees in the workplace without the transformational model is a difficult task because a sense of autonomy might be develop ed but when an employee doesnt know how to lead and he/she doesnt practice leadership then it would be very difficult to achieve desirable results. Therefore the ultimate goa

Saturday, June 15, 2019

Xuyu Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Xuyu - Coursework ExampleIn addition, the feeling improves children self-image and social relations.Marla is highly vulnerable to develop prejudices than Jane because of her ban attitude towards Bernadettes situation. She criticizes Bernadate, yet fails to break up possible causes for her poor performance. However, Jane is more understanding and supportive. Despite Bernadates poor performance, she understands the impact of divorce on concentration. Conversely, Marla lacks personal skills to understand the feeling of others, and control of negative thoughts.Older childrens ability to analyze information improves their perspective taking, emotional and moral understanding of themselves and others. Thus, mature children easily comprehend life difficulties and appreciate role of their friends. For instance, honest-to-goodness children analyze and strive to fit in friends situations in times of challenges. The children offer moral support to their friends because they fully know impact s of life experiences.I never go to corporate elementary school. However, benefits of integrated school in child development and reduction of ethnic and racial and prejudice are enormous. The schools facilitate cross-cultural understanding. Principally, integrated schools minimize cross-racial discrimination, damaging bias and

Friday, June 14, 2019

Personal use of ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal use of moral philosophy - Essay ExampleEthics can be further sub-divided in many forms, such as deontological ethics, utilitarian ethics, natural law ethics, Divine command ethics, social contract ethics, care ethics, virtue ethics, and normative ethics. All these ethics have a very specific and pivotal role in personal brio of an individual, as well as his/her professional commitments (Mizzoni?, 2010). Deontological ethics can be referred to as morality, obligation or rule based ethics. Deontology dictates the moral values of a person as a response to the rules and regulations even if he or she is non being monitored. It is roughlything related to self discipline. Utilitarian ethics include all good and bad results of an act, which are produced after completion of an act or popped-up at any stage during the act. The acts can be classified as morally right or wrong only if the consequences are so significant that a person wishes to see the agent compelled, not merely pe rsuaded and exhorted, to act in the preferred manner. Virtue ethics is the ordinary times of our lives when we face daily life decisions that involve conflict of values. It is concerned about how people express and form their character through their choices and actions in everyday situation. It sees the ordinary life as the fructify where most of moral life takes place (Pojman?, 2005). Virtue ethics in normal life Among the above defined ethics, virtue ethics is the most car park and important of all ethics as it has a role to play in every walk of life. It forms the basis towards other major approaches it is goal point ethics because we strive to live morally in order to move closer to the perfection that God desires and perfect union with the God that awaits us. Virtue ethics are commonly referred as Aristotelian virtue ethics. These ethics are teleological as the character values of a person are coupled with relations to other human beings. In our daily life and our connectio n with the people around us, the thing that creates the personality image is purely dependent upon some of the factors. The first factor is how much obligations one has to him/herself, the family, the community or the world at large. These obligations come through the basic character traits induced in prepare and personality development. The second factor is being fair in life with everyone, irrespective of the fact that this person is known or unknown to you (Carr? and Steutel, 1999). Having achieved a make better standard in virtue ethics by some of the factors mentioned above, the individual can influence all aspects of his/her life, including the profession. A person with strong character traits forget definitely be loyal and hardworking to the profession, thereby keeping an instinct check on his/her dealings and response to the surrounding people. Justified behaviour with everyone is of extremity important in our day to day life whether we are at home with families, out in market for shopping or in infirmary for medical care (Shaw?, 1993). In todays era, everyone around us seems to be much self-centred, busy in the personal life, committed to the private credit line thereby ignoring or not paying the due attention to the rights of people around. We observe the same while we are travelling on the road, interacting with people in markets, in the streets and even in the hospitals. We only focus on requirements and needs specific to us without realizing that someone may be in more melancholy or has got more disturbances. Even if we extend help to someone, s/he feels

Thursday, June 13, 2019

Case Study Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case Study Report - Essay Examplealue of the Napster brand, and our revenues could suffer if we are not able to maintain its racy level of recognition in the digital music sector and c) We may not successfully develop new products and services (Napster, 2010). These have been chosen from the arguing as provided in the case.A set of recommendations have been set out for the company ground on the above mentioned risks. Firstly, to improve the customer retention and to utilize churn models along with customer relationship marketing to reduce the customer attrition to a great extent. Secondly, it is advisable that the company considers a brand attachment to be able to keep up their market limit and brand image.Napster has brought about a new brand and a very useful program for friends and family to share music online in a simpler and effective manner. The company was started in 1998 and 1999 by a young Shawn Fanning and the system was then known as friction match to Peer. Althoug h the company only operates within United States, the company was a big hit among the customers and there was a clear interest in people crosswise the world as this was a very effective way of sharing music online. However, the success of the company was short lived and the company was faced with a amount of lawsuits by the recording companies and others.The main aim of this paper however is to focus on the marketing techniques and marketing mix of the company and to assess the companys marketing mix. The paper will deal with each of the 7 Ps of marketing and will evaluate the companys performance based on the same. Also the paper will develop strategies for the company to be able to deal with the perceived risks and will help provide recommendations to the company. The next partition will deal with the evaluation of the marketing mix used by the company.The aim of this section is to discuss the 7 Ps of marketing and the position of Napster in the markets based on the 7 Ps. The se ction provides a clear analysis of the

Wednesday, June 12, 2019

Denial of the Right to Rescind a Contract Based on he Finding of Essay - 1

Denial of the Right to Rescind a Contract Based on he Finding of Misrepresented Facts - Essay ExampleA misled party is normally allowed to nullify for justifiable reasons, for example, a misrepresentation. Misrepresentation here refers to a false narration of fact made by iodine of the contract partners to the other and in effect, it induced the second party to enter into the contact. It, therefore, stands that the representee was cheated into it (Collins, 2004).The remedy to misrepresentations normally comes in name of payment for damages or refund of money offered by the represented, the person who has been cheated. However, under some circumstances, a court cannot allow a party to rescind on the realization of misrepresented facts which induced them to enter into the contract. An example of business-law matter which can lead to denial of rescission is the realization of misrepresentation involving the sale of goods, later the lapse of reasonable time.Atiyah (1994) states that in business, a buyer accepts and receives goods in the performance of a contract. According to the contract law, a represented cannot be given a chance to rescind from a contract if they discover a misrepresentation yet they do not take the necessary steps to avoid such a contract within a reasonable time (Cartwright, 2007). The time limit is given to represent to make such steps normally varies from one type of misrepresentation to another. For example, if it is a fraudulent misrepresentation, the representee has until when the misrepresentation should have been discovered. global galleries also claimed that the item (a painting) was truly a Constable (Leaf v International Galleries 1950 2 KB 86). In this case, the term of the contract was the painters name, that is, John Constable and a breach of this allowed the rejection of the painting.Leaf paid 85 for the item and afterward five years he wanted to auction it. To his surprise, he was told the item was not a constable as earl ier stated by International Galleries. Leaf claimed a rescission of the contract so as to get a refund of his money but was denied.

Tuesday, June 11, 2019

Negligence and tort law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Negligence and tort law - Essay ExampleWhere no duty is owed there can be no liability The structure of Negligence The definition of negligence in ordinary parlance is carelessness. Its strict efficacious analysis was given by Lord Wright in Lochgelly Iron and char Co vs. McMullan (1934) .negligence means more than heedless or careless conduct, whether in omission or commission it properly connotes the complex concept of duty, breach and damage thereby suffered by the person to whom the duty was owed. Negligence as a tort is that made up of a tripartite element structure the defendant in being careless must take for breached a duty, which results in damage and such damage mustnt be too remote from the cause, (Feinman 2010, P. 34). To have breached a duty, the defendant must have owed it to the claimant and the defendant himself must have fallen below certain legal standards. The defendants actions must be tied to the legal injury suffered by the claimant such injury being worth y of compensation. A judgement will be centred on these trey concepts but that doesnt necessarily mean that they are separate and distinct, they overlap to a great extent. Virtually anyone can be capable of negligence an occupier of premises, a driver, manufacturers and retailers. The general conception of relations that give rise to a duty of care is as, per Lord Atkins, between neighbours. Persons who are so closely and directly impact by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in my contemplation as being affected when I am directing my mind to acts or omissions which are called in question.-Lord Atkins, Donoghue vs. Stevenson (1932). The duty of care generally extends only to individuals directly harmed and whose interaction with the tortfeasor is reasonably foreseeable, (University of London 2005, P.14). The conceptual structure of negligence tort has been agreed among scholarly circles to encompass five basic elements the existence of a duty of a care, breach of this du ty, factual causation, remoteness and finally legal injury. vocation of Care Until the recent case of Caparo Industries vs. Dickman (1990), duty of care was established by applying Lord Atkins Neighbour test from Donoghue vs. Stevenson (1932) which was at the root of the fault prescript in Common Law jurisdictions. Lord MacMillan set out a new category of delict not particularly based on negligence per se but on the implied warranty of fitness of product, (Eren 2007, Para. 4). In Caparo vs. Dickman, the formula currently determining the duty of care as used by courts was founded. In the test, three things must be established whether the consequences of the defendants act were reasonably foreseeable, whether there is a relationship of proximity between the parties, physical or legal and whether in all the circumstances it was just fair and reasonable that the law should impose a duty. In the case, economic loss due to negligent misstatement by a company accountants was held remote as there was no proximity between accountants and those who would rely on their reports, (Smith & Burns

Monday, June 10, 2019

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 6

International Business Strategy - Essay ExampleIn 1954, Ray Kroc saw the fortune and took the rights to franchise the store in USA and he took the franchise as a very high rate of $950 for McDonalds when other companies bought franchisees for only $50. McDonalds first step to the global market was by moving to Canada in 1967. The company has looked to franchise its stores and restaurants across the different parts of the world and has spread astray across to different countries (Burrow, 2011, Pp. 98-102).The company has now become a well known renowned brand in the whole world and has high level of respect as brand across the worlds food market and as well a huge brand liking and brand election among the huge number of customers. McDonalds has over 30,000 restaurants across the global market with its restaurants been spread in over 119 countries providing the best of service to all the customers of about 45 million people every day generating a total revenue of around $15 billion every year.This report includes the study for the international byplay scheme of McDonalds and also understands the companys policy using various marketing concepts developed by scholars which helps to know the companys strategy to become one of the leaders in the global market (Churchill, 2009, Pp. 76-78).This report is done based on the data obtained from the secondary data from various books and also data from other secondary sources. This method f data collection is very economical and also gives a large number of sources to get legitimate data to understand the particular concept. This project is done over the topic of the international business strategy for the company been chosen as McDonalds, for understanding much(prenominal) a concept it is needed to conduct a qualitative research (Burgemeister, 2003, Pp. 56-59). Qualitative research is best done using the secondary data. It helps to understand the concept using various theories and concepts developed by scholars and also

Sunday, June 9, 2019

Social contract ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social contract ethics - Essay ExampleThe idea of social contract originated in philosophical doctrines of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau. Even though tout ensemble of them used the notion social contract, each of them had different understanding of how exactly people conclude the contract. This means that ethical principles of social contract ar also different for each theory. Still all of them agreed in one crucial point to create efficient social contract both individual should follow the terms established in the particular kind of agreement. In fact this means that if people live together they need to throw a part of their personalized freedom and restrict themselves in different aspects of their lives (Holcombe 1978). It is quite obvious that any ethics require some sorts of restrictions of human personal freedom. As far as humans are the kind of beings who frequently make certain actions that can be harmful for others who live next to them in society, ethical principles are su pposed to teach humans how to act not to harm. Basically, the main principle of social contract ethics is do as you would be done by. Otherwise it wouldve been impossible for people to cohabitate together. Hobbes doctrine of social contract claims that people need to conclude the kind of agreement because their nature is evil and destructive. gibe to the agreement people give their personal freedom under someones control (either monarchs or governments) and the society lives in order following some strict rules established by the dictator.

Saturday, June 8, 2019

Evolution of Health Care Policy Essay Example for Free

Evolution of Health Care Policy EssayThis chapter discusses the policy-making and economic aspects that have taken both Canada and the US in different paths which is ultimately shaped by the organization and delivery of care with its recent restructuring efforts. The US health care system is a system of private health redress where most of the population gets advances through employment or other benefit plans such(prenominal) as those for veterans. There is public health insurance for those on social security called Medicare and those that require social assistance called Medicaid. But, 45 million heap are still uninsured and millions are underinsured.Unlike the US, Canada has a universal system of public health insurance where contracts with private non-profit health care institutions such as hospitals and health practitioners deliver care. The national health insurance represents a sense of clarity between free market liberalism and the planned economy socialism. general financing is considered the optimal form of health care financing due to the fact that insurance is affordable to all citizens no matter how ill, effective speak to control over health care services, and theres universal coverage.With such a system, those that are healthy that do not need some(prenominal) treatments support those that require health care service which ultimately offer good cost control and good equity. Canada and the US have different perspectives in access to their pharmaceuticals. Canada has a public health insurance where people over the age of 65 and those on social assistance are covered. Unlike Quebec that has a drug benefit program for everyone, Ontario has created programs to those that have a large amount of drug costs and the rest of the population has access through private insurance through employment.This causes issues with those that are in low paying or have part-time jobs. Pharmaceuticals here in Canada are regulated by the Patented Medicines Price s surveil Board unlike in the US. However, access to medicines for the treatment of cancer is getting more and more expensive and only few that are covered. This material is accordant with what I believed prior to this course with some new knowledge attained. Its great to look at our health care in depth.As of dependable now since I just started back at York University this summer, I did not have any health benefits for quite some times so I avoid going to the doctors and getting medication because as a student I cannot afford it. If people like myself have break off access to coverage, a number of health issues could be avoided. I appreciate what Obama administration is implementing so that the uninsured have access to health care as well.

Friday, June 7, 2019

Essay Example for Free

EssayINTRODUCTIONAn institution is a social unit of people, corpseatic aloney arranged or managed to meet the guides or to pursue bodied goals on a unbroken basis. A sound organization set up contri excepte greatly to the continuity and success of the enterprise. All organizations have a worry structure that watch overs the relationship between functions and positions. With turn extinct proper c be of higher, middle and lower levels of administration, it would be practically impossible for whatsoever centering to run the organization smoothly. The burst the organization the fuller would be the achievement of the common objective. Hence the study of the organization is of great importance. It helps to understand the organization better and become familiar with its functions. MRF LIMITED, an enterprise that was established in1946, in S tabuh India grew quickly to become i of Indias biggest tire manufacturing companies, renowned for yield superiority and innovati on. MRF continues to be the leading tire-maker in India. MRF inaugurated its Kottayam unit in 1969 as the sanction countersink of MRF with a small no-account mixer and s regular employees. The coif is engineered in four fully merged with the environs. founding illuminate refuge mixing facility with SCADA stupidd recipe management, fully automated carbon handling systems and juvenile dust collecting systems keep the environment tidy. Facilities with upgraded systems for Tube, Tyre and PCTR manufacturing, deliver world class products. MRF Kottayam is certified with ISO 9001/ TS 16949, ISO 14001/OHSAS 18001-2007 etc. TPM initiatives improved the congeal per phaseance in all beas. MRF Kottayam unit as well registered small eggshell energy saving projects for carbon credits and its liaison springs with UNFCCC being done by consultants M/s. Ernst and Young. Its turn all over perplexed the 6100 crore mark in 2008. MRF has the widest product range among the domestic tyre companies as it makes tyres for all class of vehicles from trucks to deuce wheelers and go-karts. MRF Kottayam unit has nearly 2000 direct treat force.1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe objectives of the study can be summarized as followsTo know the history and the growth of the compeveryTo understand the structure of the companyTo acquire know conductge ab emerge the functional as well as managerial aspects of the organizationTo learn about the manufacturing cognitive sue of the productsTo analyze the financial performance of the companyTo learn the plans, policies and procedures of the organizationTo observe the draw culture of the organizationTo acquire knowledge about the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the organization1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDYThe organisational study was conducted in MRF Limited, Kottayam. The organizational structure and the management of dissimilar departments of MRF atomic number 18 interpreted for the purpose of the study. Sufficient att empt has been taken to cover almost all the facets of this organization and to understand the complex factors that ar functioning deep down the organization1.3 systemological summary OF re exertionenquiry is a systematic approach to a purposeful investigation. Methodology refers to the various methods used by the researcher right from the data entreaty and various techniques used for interpretation and inferences. Research methodology addresses the questions what must be done, howl it must be done, what data must be dispassionate, what data assembly methods must be employed, which sources of data must be selected and how the data must be analyzed and conclusion is r all(prenominal)ed. The total period allotted for the project work was one month. The study was undertaken by personally visiting the factory in Kottayam.METHODS OF DATA COLLECTIONa) PRIMARY DATAPrimary data argon those which atomic number 18 collected as archetypical-hand information and thus they ar original in character. These are collected from the direct sources like Personal interviewObservation methodb) SECONDARY DATASecondary data are those which have already been collected by some otherwise agencies of the organization that has been processed. Some of them are preceding re heap of the organizationMagazines and JournalsWebsites1.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDYEven if on that point was sufficient support from the lag of the company a tight work schedule prevented them from giving additional information. The organizational study has come crossways certain limitations such asThe method used mainly stand qualitative data only when lack of clearcutnessToo much of inter transaction was not possible due to the fear of trade secrets being exposedPersonal bias could be the one detect factor which has affected in having personal interviewsCHAPTER-2INDUSTRIAL PROFILECHAPTER 2INDUSTRIAL PROFILE2.1 INDUSTRY BACKGROUNDThe tyre application has evolved from the basic cross ply to the more sophisticated radical tyres. Nylon cords that impart low weight and additional strength to the tyres have also replaced cotton ply. This effort is also driven by agricultural and infrastructural activity that takes place in the region, as those two have an impact on the transport sector. The advent of globularization and relaxation behavior in India urged the companies both small scale and large scale, to build in capabilities, in order to compete effectively on a global platform. The tyre industry in India has been striving hard to establish itself in the global food food securities industry in its infant stage. at that place were threats from the global players who enjoyed substantial economies of scale. As a result, the Indian tyre companies were in a constant pursuit of adhering global standards of choice and state of the art engine room in production. The fortune of the industry depends on the agricultural and industrial performance of the economy, the transportation n eeds and production of the vehicles. Hence this is a sensitive industry which has to adapt itself to a high volatile environment. pedigree OF THE INDUSTRYThe tyre industry began to develop in India in 1920s. The growth of the tyre industry in India may be divided into three phases. In the first phase, multinational companies like FIRESTONE (1920), GOODYEAR(1922) and DUNLOP(1926) came to Indian tyre industry for selling their products. They were considered as the fore runners of commercialization of tyres in India. During the early twenties and the mid-thirties, these companies became very noted and got established themselves in the industry. In the second phase, these multinational companies started their production in India. They became the first contemporaries tyres of the Indian tyre industry. DUNLOP and FIRESTONE had put up plans to manufacture tyres in Kolkata and Mumbai in 1936 and 1942 respectively. The third phase of the Indian tyre industry began when the companies in Ind ia started manufacturing tyres that came out to be known as the second generation tyres. MRF, PREMIER and COOT etc werethe Copernican companies among them. They started manufacturing their products in sixties and later on the third generation of the tyre industry started by 1970. APPOLO and JK tireS were the most significant companies among them. The most leading tyre companies in India are MRFJK tireSCEATGOODYEARAPPOLOMODIBIRLABRIDGESTONEMICHELINAfter the initialization process started in 1922, the Indian economy was stepping the ladder much higher. Earlier, automobiles were mainly used for necessity. But nowadays, the whole trend has been changed in the livelihood. Even the middle class people cant think about their life without having vehicles. This could be one of the main reasons that the Indian tyre industry is growing up day by day, even when the world is facing the major crisis of global recession. To an extent, the Indian tyre industry has faced few problems, but it has n ot affected the whole trend much seriously as far as the tyre industry of India is concerned.2.2 THE INDIAN TYRE INDUSTRYThe opposed companies dominated the Indian tyre industry till the 1960s.However in the later part of the 60s and early 70s, the Indian Industrial Entrepreneurs do a stylish entry into the market onside foreign collaborations with the automobile sector foundation within the plain. The tyre industry saw the entry of numerous players and with the winds of liberalization blowing amidst the hue and cry, swept the entire land in 1922 and brought about the ride of joint ventures within the industry. The industry worth Rs. 9000 crores was independent upon the agricultural and industrial performance of the economy, the transportation needs and the production of vehicles. The Indian tyre industry is one of the largest in the world with more than 100 million motor vehicles on the Indian roads.The Indian tyre industry evolves itself around some salient features like Ada ptabilityInnovativenessExportsTechnology progressionWide product range for diverse habitThe Indian tyre market can be categorized into three. They are Original Equipment marketReplacement marketExport marketThe Replacement market generates demand to a greater extend as business volume tends to be high (85%), while the Original Equipment market demand is just a linear function of automobile production whose growth is in turn determined by the overall economic situation and the government policy. Globally, the Original Equipment market segment constitutes only 30% of the tyre market and 105 partings comes from the Replacement market. This normally has placed the retreads in a better position than the tyre industry as a major colossal threat. The Coimbatore based Elgityres and Tread Limited, the largest retread in India is giving the tyre barons sleepless nights. The tyres basically produced in India areCROSSPLY stellate TYREThe CROSSPLY tyres have been used in India for several twelv emonths. In this, the Polycords run across with severally other or diagonally to the outer surface of the tyre. Rayon and Nylon cords are used as the reinforcing medium. These tyres can retread twice during their life snip and hence is preferred by Indian transporters who normally overload their trucks. In India, 90-95 parts of such tyres are sold. The Radial tyres have their cords running radially from bead at 90 degree angle to the rim or along the outer surface of the tyre. The reinforcing mediums used in these tyres are Polyester, Nylon, Fiber Glass and Steel. Thus guaranteeing a longer life time and provide lower displace consumption, with better control over the vehicle and road holding. The unhealthy condition of the Indian roads hasresulted in Radial tyres accounting only five percentage of tyre industry as against a global trend of 60 percentages. The tyre industry is a major consumer of the domestic rubber production. The degree of contribution towards the cloth conte nt in the Indian tyre industry by the inherent no-account constitutes about 80% and the ride outing 20% contribution is do by the Synthetic Rubber( worldwide, the ratio of Natural Rubber to Synthetic Rubber is 3070) tyres which are subject to the use of distinguishable chemicals. The available local Natural Rubber is an added advantage for the industry, since it amounts to around 255 of the total unexampled material price of tyres. On the contrary, Synthetic Rubber accounts to just 40% of the total raw material cost (India imports 60% of its Synthetic Rubber requirements). Apart from rubber, the major raw materials are Nylon Tyre, Code and Carbon Black. These raw materials are used to make the tyre strong and impart tenacity to it, while the latter holds responsibility for the color of the tyre and also enhance the life span of the tyre. Nylon codes comprise 345 of the total raw material cost, while Carbon Black accounts about 13 percentages. To be concise, the tyre industry in India is highly raw material intensive and its cost directly affects the profitability of tyres. Therefore about 60-70% of the cost of production is from the cost of raw materials itself. Most of the raw materials are petroleum based. So the price of the global crude oil affects the tyre industry at large. Fortunately for the tyre industry, the rubber and carbon black prices have declined considerably.2.3 PRODUCT PROFILEThe company puts out the following offerings which are the major sellers in their segment 1. MRF NYLON GRIP ZAPPER FS- MOTOR rung TYRE2. MRF NYLON GRIP ZAPPER FM- MOTOR CYCLE TYRE3. MRF NYLON GRIP ZAPPER FV-MOTOR CYCLE TYRE4. MRF MUSCLE ROK EARTH MOVERS- OTR TYRE5. MRF MUSCLE ROK- LOADERS- OTR TYRE6. MRF MUSCLE ROK- X- OTR TYRES7. MRF SAND GRIP- MULTI TERRIAN- OTR TYRE8. MRF LEGEND- PASSENGER BIAS9. MRF ZVTS- PASSENGER TYRE10. MRF WANDERER- PASSENGER TYRE11. MRF SUPER MILER motortruck TYRE12. MRF SUPER LUG- 50- TRUCK TYRE13. MRF SUPER LUG- 78- TRUCK TYRE14. M RF SUPER LUG- 50 PLUS- TRUCK TYRE15. MRF SUPER LUG- 50S- TRUCK TYRE16. MRF STEEL MUSCLE- TRUCK RADIAL TYRES17. MRF STEEL MASTER LCV RADIAL18. MRF ZVGLSK ECO FRIENDLY PASSENGER TYRE19. MRF BIG ROVER JEEP TYRE20. MRF SHAKTI TRACTOR calculate TYRE21. MRF SAFARI22. MRF SHAKTI LIFE- TRACTOR, REAR TYRECHAPTER 3COMPANY PROFILECHAPTER 3COMPANY PROFILE3.1 MRF LIMITEDMRF was started in the year 1946 by Mr.K.M.Mammen Mappillai, a youthful entrepreneur from central Kerala. The company was started as a toy and balloon manufacturing unit at Tiruvottiyur, Chennai and from 1951 the company took up the manufacture of tread rubber. By 1958, MRF was known as Madras Rubber Factory Limited. Since 1946, MRF has emerged as the largest tyre manufacturer in India and 12th largest in the world. The company caters to all vehicle segments from commercial vehicles and passenger cars to two-three wheelers and tractors. It has also do a strong presence for itself in both the radial and cross ply segments. It boasts of 68 sales agreements centers, 2500 distributors and exports to over 75 countries, a standing testament to MRFs outstanding leadership.VISIONMRF will be significant global player delighting customers worldwide done Leadership in technologyWorld class systemsExcellence in manufacturingDriven by a team of motivated high performers, to achieve profitable growth.CORPORATE AND base FUNCTIONSThe collective office is situated at Chennai where Marketing, Exports, Central planning, engine room, select Assurance, Materials, Human Resource and Industrial design, Environmental Engineering, Safety functions are carried out by Technical and Research and Development functions ( whole caboodle technical) to cater to specific products.THE MUSCLEMANThe mere mention of the word MRF is bound to bring The Muscleman in the mind of Indians. The bodybuilder evolved in 1964, curtly after MRF began manufacturing tyres. During the last 35 years, the Muscleman has evolved from a mere soma tic mascot to a symbol of strength, reliability and durability embedding the quality of tyres that the muscle man repre directs. The muscleman evolved into a high-tech symbol in the mid-80, a sign of changing times. Its new appearance was a silent testimony to the indomitable spirit that carried MRF across the INR 20 measuremention mark. The musclemans appearance changed once again in 1996, MRFs golden jubilee year. He started appearing in full form and is now also known affectionately as the MRF tyre man by motorists across India and 65 countries worldwide, which have come to rely on him for sale and comfortable ride.MRF PRODUCTION UNITSTiruvottiyur TamilnaduArakonam TamilnaduKottayam KeralaPonda GoaMedak Andhra PradeshPuducherry TamilnaduPOLICIES prize POLICYQuality policy of MRF is to maintain market leadership through continuousquality improvement. To achieve this goal, all the plants and the corporate office shall pay fact attention to the following Product or process im provement by field or plant performance observe and prompt services to the customers Up charge per unit of machinery to meet the increasing needs of the customer Continuous procreation of all employees in order to acquire obligatory skills and knowledge At the plant level, the respective senior General Manager or General Manager is assigned the responsibility of carrying out the quality system by collaborating with the corporate functions.SAFETY POLICYIt is the policy of our company that, the SAFETY AND HEALTH of our employees shall be our FIRST priority. It is the responsibility of everyone in the organization, regardless of the position he occupies, to ensure that everyone in the factory returns home to his beloved ones without any injury that day and every day We shall observe this policy not only in letter but also in spirit and offer ACCIDENT FREE SAFE PRODUCTION for the benefit of one and all.ENVIRONMENTAL POLICYThe environmental policy of MRF is to manufacture our produc ts in an environmentally friendly and safe manner. To achieve this goal, all the MRF plants, together with the corporate office shall Minimize the impact of our manufacturing activities on the environment, particularly the air, water and soil Comply with all applicable regulatory requirementsDevelop the environmental performance evaluation procedure for the continuous supervise Up gradation of the machinery and pollution control equipment when required Train all over employees to perform their activities in an environmentally responsible land safe manner At the plant level, the respective Senior General Manager or General Manager is assigned the responsibility of carrying out the environmental system by collaborating with the corporate functions.TRAINING POLICYThe learning policy of MRF is to provide and develop knowledge, skills andbehavior of their employees to continuously improve their performance. To achieve this goal, all MRF plants together with the corporate office shall Identify and schedule bringing up needs of for each one employee, through competence evaluation each year Design and publish training calendar and scheduleProvide training periodicals based on identified needs and as per the documented schedule Monitor and evaluate training process and outcomes to assess and to decide the next training cycle requirement At the plant level, the respective Senior General Manager or General Manager is assigned the responsibility of carrying out the training activities through Human Resource Department of the plant and the corporate office.TMP POLICYA Total Productive Factory whereThe work environment is pleasantThe work force is highly motivated and empoweredThe machineries are reliable, efficient and precise to meet the increasing customer demand The product satisfies the customers with high quality and scoop up price MAIN CUSTOMERS1. Volvo2. Tata Motors3. Ashok Leyland4. Mahindra5. Force MotorsCOMPETITORSome of the major competitors of the compan y are1. Michelin2. AppoloTyres3. Bridgestone4. JK Tyres5. Goodyear6. CEATMILESTONE IN THE MRF HISTORYIt was in the late 1946 that a young pioneer, K.M.MAMMEN MAPPILLAI started asmall toy balloon manufacturing unit in a small shed at Tiruvottiyur in Chennai. 1952 Company ventured into the manufacture of tread rubber1955MRF soon becomes the only Indian owned company to manufacture the superior extruded, non-blooming and cushion- backed tread rubber enabling it to compete with the MNCs operating in India at the same time 1956 The quality of the product was of a high standard that by the close of 1956, MRF had become the market leader with a 50% share of tread rubber market in India. So effectively was MRFs hold on the market, that the large multinationals had no other option but gradually withdraw from the tread rubber business in India 1961 With the success achieved in tread rubber, MRF entered into the manufacturing of tyres. MRF established a technical collaboration with the Mansfie ld Tyre and the Rubber Company of USA. Around the same time, MRF also became a public limited company 1963 Pandit JAWAHAR Nehru laid the foundation stone for the rubber research Center at Tiruvottiyur to commemorate the inauguration of the Tiruvottiyur factory 1964 With the commissioning of the main plant in 1964, MRF also made progress in the export of tyres. An overseas office at Beirut was established to develop the export market, and it was amongst Indias very first efforts on tyre exports. This year also marked the birth of the now noteworthy MRF Muscleman. 1967 MRF became the first Indian company to export tyre to USA- the very birth place of tyre technology 1969 MRF factory built at Kottayam1970 MRF inaugurated its Kottayam unit1971 MRF gained independence to build factory in Goa1972 MRFs fourth factory set up at Arakonam1973 MRF launched Indias first Nylon car tyre1978 MRF launched Super lug- the countrys largest selling truck tyre 1979 MRF turnover crossed Rs. 100 crores1 980 MRF entered into a technical collaboration with the B.F. Goodrich Tyre Company of USA, which was involved with the development of tyres for the NASA space- shuttle. With this began a significant exercise in quality improvement and new product development. MRF took a major policy decision to be aggressive on the bucket along circuits 1983 MRF began rapid productdevelopment programme for the new vehicles entering India 1984 MRF sales turnover crossed Rs. 200 crores. MRF tyres were the first tyre selected for the fitment on the Maruthi Suzuki 800 Indias first modern car 1986 MRF was selected by National Institution of Quality Assurance for their most prestigious award. Pitted against 20 tyre companies worldwide, MRF also won 6 quality improvement awards instituted by B.F Goodrich tyre Company from USA 1987 MRF becomes the No.1 tyre company in India.MRF crossed Rs. 300 crores turnover. MRF legend, the Premium Nylon car tyre was introduced 1988 MRF pace foundation was set up, with i nternational pace bowler, Dennis Lillee as its Director. Not long thereafter, pace bowlers trained at the foundation were selected for the Indian Cricket team 1989 MRF medak plant went on stream. Once again recognition of excellence, MRF was awarded the Visveswaraya plunder for the Best Business House in South India and the Economic times Harvard Business School Award for the Best Corporate Performance. MRF collaborated with Hasbro international USA, the worlds largest toy makers and launched Funskool India 1993 K.M.MammenMappillai was awarded the Padmashri award of National Recognition for his contribution to industry the only industrialist from South India to be accorded this remark until that time. MRF was selected as one of Indias most admired marketing companies by the readers of the A and M magazine 1996 MRF celebrated 50 years. Turnover touches Rs.2000 crores. A supernumerary factory dedicated to the manufacture of radials was started at Pondicherry. MRF tyres were also ch osen for fitment on the Ford Escort, Opel Astra and Fiat Uno 1997 MRF launches its first ever F3 car1998 MRF launches its Super Lug tyre for trucks1999 MRF was declared the most ethical company by Business World magazine in its survey 2000 MRF launched the smile campaign on Indian roads2001 MRF won JD power award for customer satisfaction2002 The MRF Nylogrip Zappers for two wheelers is launched. MRF wins the JD Power Award 2004 MRFs turn over crossed Rs. 3000 crores2006 MRFs turn over crossed Rs. 5000 crores2008 MRFs turn over crossed Rs. 6000 crores2009 In spite of Global melt eat up, MRFs turn over crossed Rs. 6200 croresMRF LIMITED KOTTAYAM UNIT- OVERVIEWMRF Tyres, Kottayam was set up in 1969 on a hill top in the village of Vadavathoor about 7 km from Kottayam town in the state of Kerala. After first the first MRF unit at Thiruvottiyur in Chennai, MRF management opinionated to take advantage of low electricity costs, tax concessions on Natural Rubber at no extra transportation cost and the availability of skilled and educated labor and started the second unit of MRF at Kottayam. The unit started off as a factory building with an area of 34200 sq. ft. and a Ban bury of 3A size with a capacity to mix 10 meters a day. Today MRF houses 265 management staff and 1319 regular workers. It started as a small mixing unit growing into a full scaled manufacturing unit producing tyres. It also manufactures tread rubber and with two newly installed Ban bury. It has become one of the most productive plants in India with a record production of tubes. The commissioning of a tyre plant in 1994 marked a new era in the units history. Initially, tractor tyres were produced, and then diversified into passenger tyres and truck tyres of various types. The Kottayam plant supplies mixed rubber to the other plants of MRF and with the increase of demand the plant had to be augmented. A new plant exclusively for mixing, was built with huge internal mixers and a mixing capacity of 6 00 tons per day and is one of the largest mixing units in Asia.PLANTS WITHIN THE KOTTAYAM UNITTube plantTyre plantMixing plantPre-cured Tread tyre plantThe pre direct turnover of undefiled veraciouss of Kottayam unit is Rs. 650 crores per annum. Kottayam unit has also started Pre-cured tread rubber (PCTR) production in August 1993.KOTTAYAM PLANT FACTS AND chassisURESBuilt up area 600000 Sq. Ft. centering staff 252 Nos Regular workmen 1115 Nos Casual workman 399 Nos Total Finished goods production 3400 MT/ month Total turnover of finished goods 37 crores/ month Mixed stock sent to other units 7000 MT/ month Tyre performance 52000 Tyres/ month Tubes, Envelopes and curing bags production 263000/ month Flap Production 82000/ month Conventional tread rubber production 160 MT/ month PCTR Production 330 Tonnes/ month Repair Materials 83 Tonnes/ month Vulcanizing Solutions 32500 Litres/ monthFIG 2.1 ORGANISATIONAL CHART3.2 FUNCTIONAL divisionS AT MRF LIMITEDThe organizati on is made up of different departments. Departmentalization is the grouping together of similar or logically related activities. There are several bases for departmentalization. The different forms of departmentalization are departmentalization by functions, by products, by regions, by process or a combination of any of them. The basic need of department arises be causa of specificization of work and limitation on the number of sub-ordinates that can be directly controlled by the superior. Departmentation converts the work into manageable units. If there was no departmentation, there would have been serious limitation on the side of the organization. The company is having eight different departments which play a vital role in the development of the company. The different departments are-1. Production Department2. Human Resource Department3. Accounts and Finance Department4. Quality Assurance Department5. Engineering Department6. Industrial Engineering Department7. Technical Departm ent8. Security and Safety DepartmentPRODUCTION DEPARTMENTAmong all the functional areas of management, production is considered to be crucial in any industrial organization. Production in terms of economics is the process developed to create a collection of input, which may be energy, capital, information, material, manpower or any other raw materials into a specified set of output produce like finished goods and services in proper quantity quality. Production is the patriarchal function of the company, thus all other functions support the production department in various segments. Pro-duction Department controls the production process by coordinating the activities of other departments. After receiving the marketing or Sales price from corporate office, the annual production plan is made and this will be further broken down into periodic and weekly plan. MRF has production in four plants. They are Tube plant, Tyre plant Mixing plant and PCTR plantFIG 2.2PRODUCTION do byPLANT 1 TUBE PLANTIn this plant artificial rubber called butyl rubber is used for manufacturing of the tubes. It is mixed with carbon black and chemicals and then extruded into various sizes. After sufficient cooling it is sent for pre-cutting to the required length, value fixing and splicing. It is then moved to the freezing table for cooling the splice joint and is shape to the required size. After this is taken out and kept inside the curing presses for vulcanization. After the set time the tube is unloaded from the press and sent for inspection. The tubes are then deflated using vacuum and the tube core is inserted. The size are segregated and packed as per the standards.FIG 2.3PLANT 2 TYRE PLANTGrey fabric is passed through calendaring machine for coating both sides with rubber. From there it goes to a machine called the fabric cutter for cuttingit into different lengths as per specifications. Steel wires are passed through bead extruder for coating with rubber and wounded on specifi c wheels as per the specifications. On tyre build-ing machine, green tyres are made using calendared fabric, bead, tread etc. Green tyres are vulcanized in tyre curing press by steam heated moulds. After this the tyres are inflated to retain its properties by trimming, inspection and dispatch.FIG 2.4PLANT 3 MIXING PLANTOrdinary rubber is mixed with carbon black, chemicals and the rubber touch on oils in the specified quantities into the rubber mix-ing equipment called the ban bury. From there it is dumped into the dump mill and passed through deal of tanks in sheet form for cooling and is then stored in metal skids. Samples from each batch are tested and the batch is certified for use. This compound rubber is sent to the tyre and PCTR plants.FIG 2.5PLANT 4 PCTR PLANTPre cured Tread Rubber (PCTR) is used for re treading rubber. Compound rubber is used in mixing mills and extruded to the required size using extruders and passed through conveyors for cool-ing. These slugs are store d in leaf trucks for ageing. It is then vulcanized in the curing process. After curing, an excess flash material is trimmed off and goes for inspection. It is then sent to the stretch wrap-ping machine for packing.FIG 2.6FUNCTIONS OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENTThe main functions of Production department arePLANNING FOR PRODUCTION PROCESS This is based on the monthly plan given by central planning, plant planning department will prepare a simulation plan by dividing the month into 3 segments of 10 days each. The simulation plan given by plant planning for the month is taken as a guide line and eachplant plans the production for each process. The available inventory and the priority of dispatch are taken into consideration while daily schedule is given. Slight changes are made in the simulation plan to reduce the number of sizes running at a time with the objective of improving production efficiency.MATERIAL dent AND RECEIPT The daily requirement of raw materials is calculated on each plan t after considering the available inventory and the scheduled production for the next day. lancinate material indent is made to raw material store. Raw material stores make arrangements to deliver the indented material at the plant.PROCESSING Processing is carried out as per the technical specification, BSP (Basic Standard Practice) and the work instruction of the respective department. Set up verification is done for each product and each run. Once the process is stabilized, the process parameters are flakeed and recorded. If the parameters are as per the specifications, production is continued. If any parameter is not confirming to the specified limits, then necessary correction is made and the production process is resumed. Whenever a machine/ equipment are behaving abnormally, it is informed to the engineering science department. If the process variation is abnormal, production is stopped by production supervisory program/ quality supervisor/ technical supervisor. The abnorma lity of machine is rectified by engineering department and the machine is handed over to production. If any non-conformance is noticed in the product, it is held using NCM Non-Conforming Material tag. Whenever engineering department notices a machine behaving abnormally, they request production stoppage through a maintenance requestPRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND TRACEABILITY The objective of proper acknowledgement and traceability is to prevent mixing up of products and to ensure traceability of products at various stages. This applies to raw materials, in- process materials and finished goods. For example, in the case of extruded tubes, flesh out like size, month code, year code, plant code, date of extrusion, extruder operator code, and made from imported Butyl are printed. Traceability is ensured in different ways. For example,while extruding treads, the details of stock (like stock code, date and shift of mixing, batch numbers) used for extruding those treads are entered in the traceability register.CHECKING AND INSPECTION The activity of inspection covers raw materials, process parameters, in process materials and finished goods. Inspection is done to ensure that the materials, equipment and stock area are free from any contamination. Proper identification of the materials, FIFO (first in first out), ageing (minimum and maximum), and test status (whether the material is tested and cleared, or is pending for test or is it rejected after testing) are checked. Dimension checking is done during in process operations. Visual checking is done on in process materials for defects like cured lumps, air traps, wrinkles, improper cutting etc. process parameters like temperature, pressure, water flow etc are also checked. Visual inspection of finished product is carried out by production department.CONTROL OF NON- CONFIRMING PRODUCTS During the processing, if any non-conformance is noticed in the product, it is held with a NCM (Non-Conforming Material) tag, which is filled up in duplicate with details like the material that has been held, size/ code, defect, quality held and the location where the material is kept. It has separate space for writing down the disposal and also the disposal follow up. tonic AND PREVENTIVE ACTION Corrective is a required action when a non-conformity is noticed either in process or product, immediate corrective action is taken to rectify the defect, so that the process or product is not affected any further. Preventive action is required when recurring non conformities which are noticed, in process by production, quality, technical or engineering are taken up for discussion in the weekly QA( Quality Assurance) meeting to initiate handicap action in consultation with the concerned departments. In case of occurrence of non-conforming process or product due to operational lapse, the concerned people are trained. In other cases, the proposed preventive action is recorded in the minutes of the meeting and the respon sibility of implementing is assigned to the concerned departmental person as decided in the meeting. This is followed up in thesubsequent meetings and reviewed for its effectiveness. If the preventive action calls for a change in procedure or work instructions, this is discussed in the weekly Quality Assurance Meeting and a joint decision is taken by the departmental heads.HUMAN resource DEPARTMENTHuman resource management perceives organizations in their totality. Every organization requires many things in order to be effective for producing the product or service, financial resources, away of marketing whatever product or service is created by human resource. People are the real assets of an organization. Without human beings the organization cannot attain any progress. The production, technology, financing and customer connection can all be copied easily. But every organization must bob up effective way to attract, retain and motivate employees.FIG 2.7FUNCTIONS OF HR DEPARTMENT HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNINGThe Board of Directors, Plant Manager and the HR Manager will decide the number of employees required, their qualification, method of requirement, remuneration etc. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTIONIt is one of the main functions of HR department. In the case of management staff, the functions of recruitment, selection and placement is done by corporate HR department. Induction and orientation is given by plant HR. this is to align the objectives and the goals of the individual with that of the company, so that the synergy produces benefits to the company as well as to the individual. In the case of workmen, selection is done by plant HR department through a written test followed by an interview. Then they are given induction and orientation before being sent to the plant for on the job training. Workers are selected at 100% merit basis. Experience is considered as an additional qualification. MRF provides the tradition of selecting the relatives of the existing emplo yees wherever a vacuity arises provided the relative is fit and suitable for the job. 1. Application Blank2. Antecedent Verification3. Medical Checkup4. Blood Group Testing5. Reference Letter6. good word Letter7. Selection List8. Physical Examination9. Selection Interview10. AppointmentTRAINING AND DEVELOPMENTA program of training and development is important as it lends stability and flexibility to an organization, besides contributing to its capacity to grow. It is essential to help in developing skills and updating knowledge. Especially in a cut- throat world, an organization must commit resource in employee training and development if it has to maintain a viable knowledge work force.PROCEDURE FOR TRAININGThe plant Human Resource Department maintains records of education, experience and training of all personnel. The plant HRD sends competency evaluation forms to all department heads once a year. The significant aspects in each job which affects product quality are identified i n various work centers and the significant jobs are listed out. The Department Heads along with the section heads determine the necessary competence required for personnel whose work affects product quality. The competencies of those who perform significant jobs are evaluated and the area in which training is to be imparted is determined for those who fade below the required competency level. These details are sent back to the HRD by concerned department Heads. HRD consolidates the training requirements and a training calendar is ready.For out-of-door training programs wherever required plant sends the details to corporate functional heads for approval and corporate HR arranges the approved training programs. Internal training programs are conducted with either internal or outer faculties. fosterage programs are conducted in accordance with the identified training needs of the employees and alsothe company needs (wherever required). Training details are recorded in the training register. The details of the training program attended by each employee are entered in the data base after the training program. Wherever feasible, pre training and post training tests are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the training programs. Wherever pre training and post training are not feasible, training evaluation forms are filled by the participants and sent to plant HR/Corp.HR. New entrants are given orientation training as per the orientation schedule. Monthly reports of the training activities are sent to Corporate HR.MODES OF TRAININGThe various modes of training are as followsa. Knowledge Based trainingb. accomplishment based Training (On the- job and Off- the- job)The methods used in Knowledge Based Training or conceptual training are total Productive sustenance (TPM) and ISO 9000 to ensure quality to both products and employees. At the same time, Skill Based Training complicates mainly Technical Training. On- the -job training is usually meant for the me n at work place as well as supervisors. It includes activities, assignments, operations, machinery etc. Off- the- job training is usually given to employees from General Manager to workmen. Off the- job training consists of class room classes, training, quality training, meetings, behavior based training, external training.WAGE AND SALARY ADMINISTRATIONThe wages of the workmen is fixed based on the long term agreement. It is paid to the workmen based on the work done on each day as a piece rate system. The work done on each day is recorded in work sheets and it is routed through time office to the accounts section where wages to be paid are calculated and paid. The wages to be paid for the casual workmen is fixed and revised from time to time. In the case of management staff, salary is fixed by the corporate HRD. The plant HRD coordinates the periodic idea of performance which is the basis for salary revision. The salary for the staff is paid on the basis of attendance and this is monitored by time office which is a function of HRD. The time office does the functions of time keeping, attendance monitoring and up keep of leave records.PERFORMANCE APPRAISALPerformance appraisal is the systematic, periodic and an impartial rating of an employees excellence in their allotted work and is treated properly by giving Dearness Allowance, Fringe Benefits, Bonuses and other payments according to the rules and regulations of the company. According to the seniority and performance, an employee gets a shift in his position in the same hierarchy. It depends upon the parameters such as seniority, merit and the suitability of the job. The performance appraisal is done on weekly, monthly, half per year and yearly basis.INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AND LABOUR MANAGEMENTThe company has very good cordial industrial relations. The two trade unions of the company are MRF Employees compass north (INTUC) MRF employees union (CITU)The trade union consists of an organization. They also have a level of hierarchy. The local leaders of the trade union are the Secretary, Treasurer and a Convener. The external leader comprises of President, Vice President and General Secretary. The workmen category of MRF is controlled by a Long Term Agreement every three years. Negotiations and conciliation between Management and Workmen are made over the table through continued discussions. This is mainly organized by HR with the help of Industrial Engineers and other departments involved.DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS AND legal proceedingAbsenteeism is dealt in MRF in a very strict manner. An employee who absents himself regularly is first called and advised to improve the attendance. After that if he is not improving, a show cause notice botherd and asked for written explanation, which has to be submitted within 48 hours of notice. If he still continuous to be absent, he is issued a first warning, then a second warning. After this he will be suspended and if he still has not changed, he will b e terminated. This principle is applicable to all theemployees who are irregular and who violate the rules and regulations of the company. The procedure of this rule is descriptive. Employees, who are absent regularly, would be given a show cause notice. A charge sheet is issued upon the acknowledge of unsatisfactory reply to the show cause notice. A domestic enquiry is also issued. By this procedure, the absentees and those who violate the rules and regulations are made to understand the situation that led them to this conduct. The second show cause notice is issued for the employees to present reasons. If he/she fails to state a convincing reason, then he/she would be suspended or even dismissed from the company. These rules are common for all the employees who are trying to falsify the record or status of the company. The dismissed employee is considered in the case of an assault or making the person a criminal.STATUTORY AND NON STATUTORY upbeat MEASURESThe welfare of labour is the statutory code which is controlled by the Factories Act for the benefit of the employees within the industrial system. Sometimes the living and cultural condition of the employees beyond which is required by the law, keeping in par with the customs of the industry and the conditions of the market. Labour welfare aims at providing the physical, psychological and world(a) well-being of the work population. The welfare officer carries out all the functions and activities related to labour welfare and take care of the physical and general well-being of the employees.The main functions of the Welfare Officer are as followsThe welfare officer helps to maintain a harmonious relationship between the factory management and the workers by establishing contact and holding consultations. To notice the grievance of the workers to the management and act as a Liaison officer between the management and the labour.OTHER WELFARE FACILITIESLoans are given to employees to purchase vehicles for th em, educational loans are also provided. Basic essential facilities such as food, shelter, sanitation, recreational facilities, reading facilities are also provided. Workers in the factory are provided with safety gloves, shoes, masks for theaccident free working environment.MEDICAL FACILITIESEvery employee and his family members are covered under some or other wellness Scheme based on the wage package.at the moment if it is below Rs.7500/-they will be covered under ESI scheme. If it is above the limit then a special Medical Insurance Scheme is arranged for them covering the expenses in connection with Hospitalization and Personal Accident. WORKING HOURSThe working hours in MRF are divided into 4 shifts, the time allotted to each shift is mentioned under-General shift -8.00am to 4.30pmFirst shift -7.00am to 3.00pmSecond shift -3.00pm to 11.00amThird shift -11.00pm to 7.00amACCOUNTS AND FINANCE DEPARTMENTFinance is the life blood of every organization. According to J.F. Brodley Finan cial management is the area of business management devoted to a judicious use of capital and careful selection of the source of capital in order to enable a business firm to move in the direction of reaching its goals. A firm cannot sustain in the absence of an efficient financial department.Plant account manager is in full charge of various activities done by the accounts department. He verifies the various functions done in each section. He takes decision for maximizing the profit and minimizing the expenses. He makes an important decision. This department keeps accounts of all the financial legal proceeding of the company. The accounting period of MRF is from October 1st of one year to September 31st of the next year. MRF has a fully computerized accounting of production unit starting from the issue of goods received to the final documentation is computerized. Funds obtained for capital structuring for both internal and external sources. The internal sources include capital rese rved debentures shareholders etc. and theexternal sources include banks such as SBI, Canara Bank etc. the strategy that the company has adopted is to go for credit transactions and payment will be made within one month time. All the costing taxation, salaries and wages, embellish benefits turnover details etc are computed and posted by the raw materials stores, engineering stores, shipping departments and engineering departments. Wages, fringe benefits turnover details etc are computed and posted by the raw materials stores, engineering stores, shipping departments and engineering departments.FIG 2.8FUNCTIONS OF ACCOUNTS AND FINANCE DEPARTMENT* FINANCIAL ACCOUNTSThis kickoff deals with all types of cash payments and receipts. This will include payment for engineering and raw material purchase, petty cash payments, operation and reconciliation of bank accounts, payment to the government in the form of taxes and levies, payment of PF, deduction from salary and payment of loan outsta nding and insurance premium of employee, freight payments, payment in lieu of travel bill of employees, canteen expenses, payment to contractors, payment of leave travel allowance, medical re-imbursement etc. cash receipts in the case of scrap sales and any other cash receipt will also come under this branch of accounts.FIG 2.9 FINANCIAL RESULTS 2009-2010Rs in crore20092010Sales6141.948080.45Other Income34.4041.97Total Income6176.348122.42Profit earlier Taxation398.48534.66Provision for Taxation145.45180.68Profit after Taxation253.03353.98Share Capital4.244.24Reserves1357.181686.44Net Worth1361.421690.68Fixed Assets Gross3020.573865.62* COST ACCOUNTSThis branch deals with forecasting, budgeting, analyzing and re-porting the income and expenditure of the company. The budget for expenditure is prepared using standard costing principles and it is com-pared with the actual expenditure. Any variation from the budget (whether positive or negative) is analyzed to find the exact reason and it is reported to the top management.* WAGES AND SALARYComputation of wages and salaries is done by this section of accounts departments. Wages of workmen are fixed in the long term agreement and is calculated on a daily basis depending on various factors like grade, numberof hours worked, the output achieved etc.* gross sales TAXAll matters related to sales tax are handled by this section. Monthly returns for sales tax are filed on behalf of sales depots. VAT (Value Added Tax) system has been introduced and all matters related to this are also looked after by this branch of accounts. C forms are issued for purchases from outside the state and F forms are issued for receipt of goods from depots.QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENTQuality is considered as the most effective shit to improve productivity, to achieve cost effectiveness, to improve profitability and market share and to remain competitive in the global market. In the business environment of today, quality impacts not only prod ucts and services but also many other germane(predicate) entities such as process, systems, people and organization. When a person buys our product, he has certain expectations. These are determined by several factors and it de-pends on the intended use of the product. The expectations can be performance, price, dependability, consistency of performance etc. If the product fulfills the customers expectations when it is used, he will be pleased with tile product and will say that product is of good quality. If his expectations are not met he will say that the product is of low quality.FIG 2.10FUNCTIONS OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENTThe quality system requirements of the customers are collected and all efforts are taken to ensure that the requirements are met. This is done by employing statistical process control techniques and by training the operators. The different functions of quality bureau department are as follows To process audit and final product inspection To improve the profitability of the company by reducing defects and waste generation To materialize the document called Basic standard practice, which says how the process is to be carried out, what are the dos anddonts of each process etc Whenever a process or product does not meet the specifications, the process is stopped and the defective products are kept held using a tag called the NCM (Non-Conforming Material) tag To check whether the process is carried out in concurrence with the laid down specifications and the basic standard practice The performance of the product are recorded and monitored on a daily basis so that any abnormal deviation can be easily detected and attacked To initiate studies for implementing new systems and procedures on the principle of continuous improvement. FMEA (Failure Mode Effect Analysis) is carried out and a control plan is also prepared to ensure that the causes of failure are lifted before they happen Whenever a tool change is done, the relevant param eters are checked by quality Assurance and certification is done before the commencement of production Whenever a new machinery is installed, QA carries out the process of industrialization of machinery, in collaboration with engineering and technical department Audits on suppliers and outside godowns are conducted periodically to ensure that the materials procured are of the required quality and also ensure that they are stored in the manner that does not give room for any determination Slow moving and non-moving items are tracked at regular intervals to avoid the material getting deteriorated due to prolonged storage and to avoid producing material which is not needed in the market.ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTThe functions of Engineering Department are divided into mechanical, electrical, instrumentation, civil and environmental engineer-ing. The main functions are new machinery layout preparation, erection and commissioning of new machinery, preventive maintenance, breakdown mainten ance, condition monitoring and overhauling of machinery and other related equipments. Erection, commissioning, operation and maintenance of utility items, generators, boilers, compressors, pumps, freezer lines and cooling towers and maintenance of material handling systems are done by engineering departments. The maintenance of equipments at pump house and allocation of training centers are also done.FIG 2.11FUNCTIONS OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTMECHANICAL MAINTENANCE1. Preventive aidAll equipments that need preventive maintenance are listed out. It is ensured that the equipment history and manuals are available for all machines. A preventive maintenance schedule is prepared after a careful analysis of breakdowns in the machine and based on the personal experience of the maintenance personnel. Preventive maintenance schedule for the particular week is taken and the necessary materials, tools, manpower and spares are arranged. The necessary clearances are obtained from planning and pro duction of equipments and the machine is released for maintenance. The schedule maintenance activities are carried out based on work instructions and experience. Then the machine is checked and handed over to production. Based on the number and nature of breakdowns in each machine during the year, the preventive maintenance schedule reviewed and a new schedule is prepared for the next year.2. Breakdown MaintenanceThe defective machinery is identified either by production or by engineering and a maintenance request is generated. In case of production detecting the flow, production raises the maintenance request and in the case of engineering detecting the flow, engineering raises the maintenance request and arranges for the tools, maintenance personnel and spare parts. Then the machine is released for the maintenance. The required maintenance jobs are carried out and the machine is thoroughly checked. If the maintenance is done, then the machine is handed over to the production. Othe rwise the necessary rectifications are done again. Every month, down time analysis is done and permanent corrective actions are initiated in the case of recurring failures.CHAPTER 4FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONSFINDINGSMRF Limited is the leading tyre manufacturing company in India which hasexports over 75 countries across the worldMRF makes tyres for heavy duty trucks, bus, light truck, passenger car to motor cars, rally cars, off the road earth movers, two and three wheelers, elevate service and military serviceTalking about the findings on the infrastructure of the manufacturing plant in Kottayam, there is good working environment for the employeesThe usage of modern and updated technology, in the field of production process gives a cutting edge to the modernization of the companyThe improved quality standards of the company show a dread(a) achievement in the tyre industryAll departments are well structuredGood working environment for employeesTeam effort and honesty in their strength Health and safety of employees are given importanceTraining programmes and meetings are held subsequentlySUGGESTIONSThe present strategies of the company in various segments should be jury-rigged especially in the case of setting up a marketing development in the unitThe company should maintain better tie ups with the dealers and appurtenant institutionsMore attractive advertisements in media would help in marketingThe company website should be updated oftenMotivational incentives should be given to the best performers in the organization as it could be the best way to do performance appraisal to figure out if more productivity of the work is being performedIt is better to provide a collaborative system and approach to the current limitations of the work methods and need to support track and achieve the revision workIt is better to diversify MRF products to avoid the limitations of current exportsCHAPTER 5CONCLUSIONMRF has been the potential market leader and the trend setter in t he tyre industry for the last 21 years inspite of the number of competitors and their competition. The company has a considerable lead over the arch rivals in the tyre market but has a stiff competition from the other global players. The clinical performance of the company is only because of the combined efforts of management and its employees. MRF has been successful in providing high quality and technology superior products to the customers. Being driven by technology and product innovation, every tyre that comes out is of the highest standards and tested to the toughest conditions to take on any role. Hence it is clearly visible that the company is in the knife edge of the tyre industry and hope that it is going to continue the same impact in each segment of the tyre industry for a long time. The organizational study at MRF Limited, Kottayam, which helped me in gaining awareness of the functioning of different department in the unit and give an outlook of the various modes of w ork being performed at managerial level, middle level and at the bottom level of the organization. The study has helped me to get a clear picture of the objectives and policies of the company and the mission of MRF and that is to maintain market leadership in the long run.