An Era of Smart Phones and Dumb People

An Era of Smart Phones and Dumb People You spot them immediately. They're gathered around the swing set Eke moths to an open flame; not talking, Just looking down at what's In their small hands. There's around four of them, appearing to be first graders or so, testing away twice as fast as you ever could, completely oblivious to everything around them. Pausing for a second, you stop to wonder, â€Å"Whatever happened to actually using the swing set? † Technology is like a fine wine; as it matures and ages, it becomes better and better, making it appeal to large crowds of people.Yet what happens If one has too much wine? They become drunk. Just like an alcoholic, the next generation appears as if they are addicted to this modern technology, and that is not be such a good thing as people think It Is. The kids seem to be gradually losing one of the most delicate and treasured things on this planet: human Interaction. For example, let me pose a simple question, when was the last t ime you have a game night with your family, or any other time that was solely devoted to your nearest and dearest? Some will answer years while others, mere days.Twenty-first century based females tend to go to their own sections of the house with an electronic of their choice, whether that may be a Kindle, phone, Pod, Tablet, you name it, instead of hanging out with their family. Young children observe this and brand It as the norm. Well, why shouldn't they? Aren't we the ones at blame for this? The ones they look to in order to know how to interact, to act with others? Look at the older population, the elderly, in your community; they will smile at you through car windows while parked at red lights or ask you how you're doing while o'er both standing In the grocery line at your local supermarket.Sadly, this seems to be a rare thing to stumble across these days in all of us young people. Back when I was a kid, If I wanted to play a game I would go find my brother and we would have to make one up ourselves. That's right; we had to use our imaginations, just like our dear friend Sponge taught us to. But now, with Inventions such as the Leaped and Manitoba, instead of making up their own games, children have the ability to download over three hundred and twenty-five APS with a push of a button.Along with these APS, as if they weren't already enough, the youngsters can record videos, take pictures with the two cameras available, listen to music, and access an internet made just for them. At their age, I had sidewalk chalk and a stinking Jump rope for crying out loud. Yet why would they choose such simple, ordinary things when they have hours of guaranteed entertainment right at their little fingertips, within those many APS? Snatching away. Ah yes, now I've remembered.You know all those outdoor toy commercials that make kids want to explore the great outside? Me neither. Outside: The brilliant archenemy of the indoors. It's a place to be loud, rambunctious, and l east of all quiet. In a nutshell, it's a child's heaven on Earth, or should be. But instead of actually going outdoors to play, kids tend to stay inside claiming it's too hot, too cold, too windy, too†¦ Too anything really. So instead they sit on the couch watching mindless television shows while withering away into nothing more or less than lazy, couch potatoes.If the patterns keep up we may eventually all turn into mild forms of the characters in the beloved movie Wall-E: grotesquely fat, genealogy obsessed humans, who don't know how to live without an electronic in one hand and a remote in another. This sickens and saddens me all at once. Now, am I declaring that all technology is bad and it should be banished from Earth never to be spoken of or seen again? That we should Just absentmindedly convert back to the ways our ancestors and live without modern conveniences? Of course I'm not!I'm merely asking you to take a step back and look at how much technology you use on a dail y basis, even if it's Just making a call on your cell phone r turning on the TV to unwind after a long day at work. I simply don't want a world where the next generation becomes engulfed and overwhelmed by the sheer amount of technology being shoved down their throats as soon as they are able to walk and talk. The relationships we construct with others should be cherished and preserved by interacting with each other face-to-face every rather than Just testing each other. I'm asking you to get off the couch and be social.Go to Struck with a few friends, go shopping with them, or maybe even volunteer and meet new people. Find the balance in your life; don't let technology control it. The same goes for your children, sure you can give them a Nintendo or a Tablet, but remember to shoo them outside every once in a while to play. A child's imagination or anyone's really, can't be replaced with APS and computers, it's Just impossible. They can be compressed, though, if they don't have a ch ance to grow. A close friend once told me, â€Å"We are living in the era of smart phones and dumb people,† and if you think about it enough, we are. We really, truly are.

Notes for Nursing Eyes and Ear

Chapter 51 and 52- Understanding the Sensory System- Med Surgical- EYES External eye structures Eyelids-protective cover for thr eyeball * Has a thin transparent membrane called â€Å"conjunctiva† Eyelashes-keep dust out of eyes Each eyelid has a lacrimal gland at the upper outter corner of the eyeball Question: how do tears come in front of the eyeball? A: small ducts bring tears to the front and blinking help spread the tears over the surface Q: what enzyme inhibits the growth of bacteria on the surface of the eyes?A: tears have enzymes called lysosome How to collect tears? Tears from Lacrimal canalsdrain into lacrimal sac nasolacrimal ductnasal cavities Question: How do we do a nursing assessment of the eyes? Answer: Inspect and palpate of the external eye Internal Anatomy of the Eye Eyeball Layers: Outer Sclera Middle Choroid Inner Retina Choroid layer: Prevents glare Ciliary Body: Circular Muscle changes the shape of lens Circular Iris: Dilates, Constricts Pupil Eyeball C avities Vitreous Humor: Holds Retina in PlaceAqueous Humor: Nourishes Lens/Cornea Retina: Lines Posterior Eyeball Contains Rods (Light) black and white Cones (Color) for Vision Fovea: Most Acute Color VisionOptic Nerve: Transmit Image Color Blind * Retina: Lines Posterior Eyeball, Problem with * Cones (Color) for Vision * Usually can not see colors red, green, blue or a mix of these colors. * Mostly men * Genetic predisposition Internal Eye The retina is a light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that covers about 65 percent of its interior surface.Photosensitive cells called rods and cones in the retina convert incident light energy into signals that are carried to the brain by the optic nerve. In the middle of the retina is a small dimple called the fovea or fovea centralis. It is the center of the eye's sharpest vision and the location of most color perception. Eye Movements: There are 6 intrinsic muscles that moves the eyeball are attached to the orbil and outter surface of the eyeball The cranial nerves that innervate these muscles are: * Oculomotor 3rd * Trochlear 4rth * Abducens6th EYEBALL has 3 layers . Outter fibrous tunic( sclera and cornea) -sclera- white part of the eye/cornea- no capilliaries and 1st part refract light rays 2. Middle vascular tunic(choroid, ciliary body, and iris) * Choroid=has BV and dark pigment melanin(prevent glare)/anterior of chroid is mmodified into ciliary body and iris 3. Inner nervoous tunic (Retina) * Lines 2/3of eyeball, has rods and cones, photoreceptors, fovea= only see color b/c only has cones. * Rods are more abundant toward periphery vision see best at night at side of visual field Nursing Assessment forCranial Nerves of the eyes by eye movements: Physiology of Vision: * Involves Focusing of Light Rays on Retina and transmission of Subsequent Nerve Impulses to Visual Areas of Cerebral Cortex * Light rays strike the retina, it stimulates chemical RX in rods and cones. Retinal( a receptor) bonds to a protein cal led a opsin. In rods, the light rays stimulate the breakdown of rhodopsin into opsin and retinal resulting to chemical changes and generates a nerve impulse for transmission. Cones have a similar RX that takes place.Nursing Assessment of the eye and visual status: * Peripheral vision/by confrontation – how far you can follow the light while looking straight. decreases as age increases * Visual Fields- * Full peripheral fields * Movements in all 6 cardinal fields of gaze * Corneal light reflex test ( light is at the same place in both pupils) * Cover test- steady gaze ** Also test with Snellen’s chart- read from smallest letter to biggest. 20/20- the vision is normal 20/70visual impairmentit takes the eye 70 ft to read what a normal eye is able to 20/200legal blindness * THE E chartpt that has literacy problemsask to indicate what direction E shape figure. Muscle Balance and Eye movement Instruct pt to look straight ahead and follow examiner’s finger w/o moving h ead. Examiner moves finger in the 6 cardinal fields of gaze, coming back to each point of origin between each field of gaze * Patient follow examiner finger w/o nystagmus(involuntary rapid movements of the eyes vertical, horizontal, or rotary) pt have adequate extraocular muscle strength and innervations Corneal reflex test assess muscle balanceshine penlight toward cornea while pt stare straight ahead.The light reflection should be at the same place for both pupils Cover Test- evaluate muscle balance Pupilary Reflex PEARRL- Pupils, Equal, Round, and, Reactive, to Light PERRLA- Pupils equal round reactive to light accommodation Pupils should constrict when pen light is shownconsensual response Test for ACCOMONDATIONability of pupil respond to far and near distances. * Pt, focus on object that is far awayexaminer observe size and shape of pupil 5 inches away * Pt focus on near object examiner observe size and shape of pupil 5 inches away * NORMAL= eyes turn inward and pupil constrict Internal Eye Examination * Only for advanced practitioner * LPN explains procedurePt should hold head still looking at a distant object. The instrument called â€Å"opthalmoscope† will maginify structure of eye to see internally. The bright light might be uncomfortable for the pt * Intraocular Pressure- tonometer testing using a puff of air to indent cornea and measure pressure. Above normal range may indicate glaucoma Diagnostic Tests for the EYE Culture- ordered when exudate from eye are present/rule out infection * Fluorescein Angiography- Asses for dye allergies B4 starting/ fluorescence dye inject into venous system * Electroretinography- evaluate difference of electrical potential between cornea and retina in response to wavelengths and intensities/contact electrode on eye to check rods and cones * Ultrasonography- eye instill with anesthesia drops, and perform ultrasound with transducer probe/picture by sound * Radiologic Test- Xray, CT, MRI to view bone and tissue aro und eye * Digital Imaging- take digital pictures of retina in 2 seconds/ eyes don’t need to be dilated VISUAL FIELD ABNORMALBILITIES A. Normal vision B. Diabetic Neuropathy C. Cataracts-blurry D. Macular degeneration- can’t see middle E. Advanced Glaucoma- can only see middle AMSLER GRID: Q: What are we testing? – Used to identify central vision distortions and blind spots * If you can see the middle dot in the grid then you pass Nursing Assessment of the Eyes- SUBJECTIVE DATA * Family History * Glaucoma * Diabetes General Health * Trauma to Eyes * Medications * Data on Visual Acuity * Double Vision * Difficulty seeing things near? Far? Visual Acuity * Snellen’s Chart/E Chart/Rosenbaum * Visual Impairment – 20/70 * (You must be at 20 feet to see what a normal person sees at 70 feet) * Legal Blindness – 20/200 or Less with Correction Question: A patient is diagnosed with a refractive error and asks the nurse what this mean. What would be the appropriate explanation by the nurse? A: You will need corrective lenses in order to see clearly RERACTOR ERRORS: – Bending light rays as they enter the eye 1. Emmetropia: Normal Vision A. Hyperopia: FarsightednessEyeball is too short, causing image to focus beyond the eyeball (Can see objects far away) B. Corrected with convex lense C. Myopia: Nearsightedness (can see near objects) D. Corrected myopia * Astigmatism: Unequal Curvatures in Cornea * Presbyopia: Loss of Lens Elasticity Normal aging after age 40 become- farsighted Astigmatic Mirror If you a â€Å"typical† astigmatic, you may see the lines near the horizontal are clearer and darker than the lines vertically. You may also find the lines near the horizontal are spaced further apart and the vertical spaced closer together. You might also find the inner circle in not quite round. Nursing Assessment for the EYE: * Usually test for children Corneal Light Reflex * To test for lazy eye or strabismus: * A condition in which the visual axes of the eyes are not parallel and the eyes appear to be looking in different directions. Nursing Assessment of the eye OBJECTIVE DATA * Pupillary Reflex * Pupil size ___ mm * PERRLA? * Pupils * Equal * Round * Reactive to * Light and * Accomodation * Consensual? – reaction of both pupils when only one eye is expose to change in light intensity EYES CHANGE AS WE AGE * Decreased Elasticity of Lens: Presbyopia * Difficult peripheral vision: Narrowed visual field * Decreased pupil size and response to light * Poor night vision * Sensitivity to glare Yellow lens – harder to differentiate colors * Distorted or poor depth perception * Decreased lacrimal secretions or tears Eye Health Promotion Regular Eye Examinations Nutrition for eye health * Eye Protection * Safety goggles * Sunglasses * Avoid eye strain from computer use * Keep contact lenses clean * Eye hygiene is hand hygiene! * Eye irrigation INFECTIONS AND INFLAMMATION 1. Conjunctivitis â€Å" PINK EYE† * Inflamed conjunctiva * Cause: virus, bacteria, or allergic RX * S/Sx: red conjunctiva, crusting exudate, itchy or painful eyes, excessive tearing * Tx: Antibiotic drops or ointments 2. Blepharitis- inflammation of the eyelid margins, chronic inflammatory process 3.Hordeolum- eyelid infection due to staph abscess in the sebaceous gland at base of eyelash 4. Chalazin- eyelid infection2nd type of abscess form in connective tissue of eyelid 5. Keratitis- inflammation of cornea Blindness- complete or almost absence of the sense of light aka visually Impaired * Types include Glaucoma and Cataracts GLAUCOMA Pathophysiology: abnormal pressure in the eye causing damage to the optic nerve Most common: Primary (primary open-angle vs. acute angle-closure glaucoma) * Secondary caused by infections, tumors, or trauma * Third kind: congenital Risk factors: family hx, African-American race Signs and Symptoms: Acute angle-closure: unilateral and rapid onset; severe pain, blurred vi sion, rainbows around lights, nausea and vomiting * Primary open-angle: bilateral and gradual onset, no pain, aching eyes, headache, halos around lights, visual changes not corrected by eyeglasses * Early detection may require tx to PREVENT optic nerve damage during asymptomatic period. Medications/Prescriptions: * Cholinergic agents (miotics) * Cause pupil constriction * Isopto (carbachol) * Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors * Slow production of aqueous fluid * Diamox (acetazolamide) * Adrenergic agonists * Slow production of aqueous fluid * Propine (dipivefrin) * Beta blockers * Slow production of aqueous fluid * Timoptic (timolol) * Surgery, if treatment is not successful. CATARACTS * Pathophysiology: opacity in the lens that can cause loss of vision; light can’t get through to the retina * Ultraviolet rays damage lenses over time. S/sx: painless, halos around lights, difficulty reading fine print, difficulty seeing in bright light, sensitivity to glare, double vision, hazy vi sion, decreased ability to see colors * Tx: Surgery: surgical removal of clouded lens and replacement or accommodation with special eyeglasses or contact lenses Pt Teaching after Cataract Surgery: * Make sure you make arrangements for a ride. * You may need to instill eye drops or take pills to help healing and to control pressure inside your eye. * You will need to wear an eye shield or eyeglasses to help protect the eye. * Avoid rubbing or pressing on your eye. * Try not to bend or lift heavy objects because bending increases pressure in the eye. * You can walk, climb stairs, and do light household chores. Macular Degeneration Pathophysiology: It’s age relatedleading cause of visual impairment in US adults older than age 50 * Deteriorate in the maculaarea where retina light rays converge for sharp, central vision, needed for reading and seeing small objects * 2 types of ARMD * Dry (atrophic): photoreceptors on the macula fail to function and aren’t replaced secondary to advancing age * Wet (exudative): retinal tissue degenerates allowing vitreous fluid or blood into subretinal space; new blood vessels form -; subretinal edema -; scar tissue * LIMITED CENTRAL VISION Dry: cellular debris accumulate behind retina Wet: blood vessels grow behind the retina Without treatment the retina can become detached * S/sx: Dry: slow, progressive vision loss of central and near vision * Wet: sudden onset of central and near vision, blurred vision, distortion of straight lines, dark or empty spot in the central field of vision * Tx: * Dry: no treatment * Wet: argon laser photocoagulation EYE MEDICATIONS: Ophthalmic antibiotics * Bacitracin * Erythromycin Cholinergic agents (miotics) * Carbachol * Pilocarpine Beta blockers timolol NURSING CARE: * Post a sign over bed or door that identifies the patient’s visual status * Identify and announce yourself as you enter the room and leave the room * Ask the patient, â€Å" Is there anything I can do for you? â⠂¬  * Orient the pt to the room Keep objects in the same location on the bedside table at all times per patient preference. * Explain procedures before you begin * Tell the pt what you are doing before you touch them * At mealtime, explain location of food like the hands of a clock (your milk is at 2 o’clock) * Keep call light within reach! Do not play with the Seeing Eye dog that is working * Teach patient how to properly administer eye drops and/or ointment. * Teach patients to get regular eye examinations. * Allow patients to talk about their anxiety and fear. * When ambulating with the patient place the patient’s hand on your elbow. * Assist blind patient with objects such as audio books or watch with audio.

Family and the Sociological Theories Essay

Since time immemorial, men have been petrified by sociology. The most basic definition of sociology is the study of human social behavior and grouping (Alexander, 1982). Sociology largely focuses on social relationships and the ramifications of these relationships on peoples’ behavior. There have been numerous attempts to understand and explain seemingly challenging situations in a society. These attempts constitute the various sociological theories which are geared towards giving explanations to the various phenomena in the society (Alexander, 1982). It is within the scope of this study to highlight on the impact of the sociological theories on the family institution. Introduction Sociological theories are sets of statements that endeavor to offer explanations to problems, phenomena, or human behavior (Alexander, 1982). Normally these theories are both explanatory and are versed with the ability to predict predictive on some occurrences in society. Essentially such a theory can assist in seeing the synergy among seemingly remote social phenomena (Turner, 2006). The family is the basic social institution and everyone belongs to one. The behaviors of the various family members in one family may be petrifying. There are various explanations of the various behaviors and phenomena in the family offered by the three sociological theories (Turner, 2006). The impacts of these behaviors as explained by the sociological theories are quite interesting and will be studied in this study. The sociological theories in mind are the functionalism, conflict, and interactionism theories. The events of the various members in the family can be sufficiently summarized by the explanations offered by these theories. It is from these events that the characteristics and roles of the various family members are based. This study will highlight the particular impact of each of theses theories on the family institution. Methodology Various relevant literary materials featuring research done on the subject of sociology and sociological theories are studied keenly in bid to reveal on the explanation of sociology and social behavior through the sociological theories. The data gathered and analyzed in the study is carefully studied to shed some light on the interesting history in the impact of the various theories on the occurrences witnessed in the family institution. The studies did not leave behind information which highlighted on the impact of these theories on the behaviors of individual family members and how they interact. The results are collected from these secondary sources, analyzed and presented using the trendiest of modern scientific methods. The interplay between the various sociological theories as they impact the family institution will be highlighted in the discussion part of this study. The conclusion part of the study will involve a recap of the issue of sociology and the sociological theories and the synergy between them. Literature Review Alexander (1982) portrays sociology as a very intricate area to comprehend as it has always being perceived by man. Sociology is perceived in the three major sociological theories. These theories postulate that the occurrences in the society can be summarized by the functionalism, conflict, and interactionism theories. Taking the case of the family institution, for instance, behaviors of the various family members and the phenomena in the family can be fully explained by the various sociological theories. According to the functionalism theory, the family is an anthology of interdependent parts which have a penchant toward a common goal. In the same institution there are functional necessities that must be met for it to survive (Alexander, 1982). The occurrence of some peculiar phenomena is for the purpose of serving a required function in the family (Turner, 1988). In this theory, society is likened to a living organism because both are made up of interdependent parts and systems which function in harmony for the overall functioning of the larger body. Most literary materials concur that each member of the family is pivotal in the ultimate of the successful family union. There are a number of criticisms of functionalism theory presented by some materials. There are several materials which view this theory as indistinct and lacking in sufficient methods. Despite the fact that there are a number of there a couple of materials offering criticism, this theory stands steadfast in explaining the phenomena (Turner, 1988). The conflict social theory contends that individuals and groups in a given society have various amounts of resources and that the more affluent social classes and individuals use their power to take advantage of groups with less power (Turner, 2006). This exploitation is largely through economics or by force. It is this disparity in the society which catalyses social disorder. In the family scenario, the theory is portrayed in the ensuing conflicts within the family members and its serves to offer explanation that this conflict is as a consequence of social conflicts in the family institution. There are a couple of materials which portray the family institution as revolving around the conflict perspective of sociology. In fact the essence of formation of the family is more often than not a function of the couples’ rebellion from the larger parent family (Turner, 2006). Interactionism is a sociological perspective in which human beings are surrounded by meaningful objects and symbols. These meaningful symbols include material things, events, fellow people, associations, and even plain symbols. These symbols are revered as superb and important in human communication. They carry with them common social meaning that is naturally understood and adored by all members of a society (Alexander, 1982). The case of the family presents such a situation where the members of the families are driven by the symbols known and respected by all in that family. The fact that the family as a social institution is made in the interactionism perspective makes the unit stronger and unwavering. For instance the children look up at the prowess of the parents and this fortifies the bond between them. Research Findings In summary the study revealed the following: first it was found that the various human behavior and phenomena are fully explained through the three major sociological theories (Alexander, 1982). In the family institution, functionalism theory is quite rife. It is the same theory which provides the essence of the various family members to continue being in the institution. Every member of the family is supposed to play some very vital role in the attainment of the common good of the family (Turner, 1988). The family life and phenomena is explained further by the social conflict theory. According to this theory the occurrences and events witnessed in the family are primarily caused by the struggles against conflicts in that family. This clearly defines the reserved feelings of each of the members of the family towards each other. Then there is the al important interactionism theory which defines largely the in built feelings of each family member. It is regarded that the family members have grounds of commonality which they look up to. Each one of the family members is deemed to be conversant with these unwritten laws governing the family. They al work and behave in manners likely to suggest that they are aiming at the same goals (Turner, 2006). Research Discussion This study has done tremendous work to highlight on the intriguing issue of unraveling the cause for sociology. In the family institution, the theory of functionalism makes the family come up together in the first place (Alexander, 1982). At some age one feels that they need to have the responsibilities expected of him in the family by marrying. Those who attempt to alter the norm of the duo in the institution by adopting the single parent euphoria at the end of the day find it quite difficult. This follows the coming up of children since the society expects that. The parents look at the children as very important now and in their future old age. The children depend on the parents largely for basic and other needs. This realization makes the two groups stay in harmony since they need each other (Alexander, 1982). According to the social conflict theory, the family comes up in the first place owing to the need of the couple to move away from shared resources (Turner, 1988). They start their own home and live happily. This perspective explains the trend in divorce and such other attempts of reversing the union. They are a consequence of the conflicts in the family. The conflicts between the children and parents define sour relations where the children in this case are said to be unruly and rebellious (Alexander, 1982). The society sees such groups as erroneous without knowing the epicenter of the situation. Interactionism explains a great deal the respect parents command from their children. These children perceive their parents as symbols of success and therefore form a liking for them. Â  This perspective also explains the parents’ initiatives of introducing the children to healthy social ethics and institutions like the church and school. It is from these places where the children will learn to be responsible by heeding those generally accepted symbols (Turner, 2006). Conclusions From the discussion in the study, the behaviors of members of the society are best explained by the sociological theories (Alexander, 1982). Therefore, it is in order to conclude the family institution is largely dependent on the perspectives of sociological theory. These theories clearly and sufficiently explain the occurrences and the behavior of the various members of the family. The failure of each member to participate in the expected duty is quite consequential in determining the satisfaction level derived from the institution (Turner, 1988). References Alexander J. (1982). Theoretical logic in sociology. Abingdon Oxford: Taylor & Francis. Turner J. (1988). A theory of social interaction. Palo Alto, California: Stanford University Press. Turner J. (2006). Handbook of Sociological Theory. New York: Springer.

Using deductive and inductive reasoning write a paper stating why Term

Using deductive and inductive reasoning write a stating why teenagers should have a curfew - Term Paper Example Based on research teenagers under curfew have high moral respect for both their parents and other people. On the other hand, teenagers not monitored always fall in social problems. This includes violent crimes and prostitution related activities. It, therefore, is a non-disputed fact that having students in curfews shapes their future. Keeping teenagers in curfew is a means of curtailing their freedom while improving their future. The consequences of curfews for teenagers do not serve their purpose. They are lousy ideas, which force teenagers to do the exact opposite of what is expected. According to research, teenagers tend to violate rules of curfew to do the extreme. They arrive in school late and engage in indiscipline cases, to get notice from other students (Robert 68). Drawing boundaries for teenagers initiate a fight between the students and the set boundaries. Teenagers under curfew, therefore, are problematic that teenagers acting on a free will. Consequently, curfews derail teenagers from revealing their talents, which should be exploited adequately. Talents are extremely beneficial in the life of teenagers; therefore, teenagers need curfews for regulation. Students lacking curfews tend to waste their talents on non-relevant

Global Language Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Global Language Technologies - Essay Example This is a method that has been used by Dell Computer Corp. also. The third customer value offering is the product mix. GLT plans to offer all mobile communication devices, from cellular telephones to hand held devices and have accessories available. "Customer's who prefer one-stop shopping or variety would find such product mixes valuable" (Afuah and Tucci p 57 2000). 11 Global Language Technologies (GLT) is a fictitious company dealing with E retailing of multiple product lines emulating the mobile telecommunications industry through direct to consumer sales of mobile communication devices. Since the company deals with many and diverse products the inventory is huge both in terms of quantity as well as in terms of dollar value. The efforts are directed towards improving the supply chain process of the company by undertaking two major activities as follows: GLT needs a system that could integrate all these resources in order to utilise each one of them most optimally. GLT is medium sized organisation. In the telecommunications industry, information systems have a strong impact on management of the organization. The exchange of information through email, telephone, and Internet means that management has a secondary requirement other than people management, it must adapt to new technology as well as create base rules for the transfer of information. Furthermore, management has a responsibility to train employees on technology usage and security as information systems become more complex. Haag et al (p 9 2005) describes information as being: internal to the operation aspects of the facility; external, as the environmental impact of outside forces; objective as being known information; subjective as descriptions of the unknowns. The information systems, being where the telecommunications industry stores customer, business and technological knowledge, needs to be managed to the different types of information available. The influence of the

The State of American Employment Research Paper

The State of American Employment - Research Paper Example The State of American Employment This shows somehow a stable state of the economy; however, further analysis of the statistics could portray otherwise. Motoko (par 3); Shah & Lee (par 10) say that politicians could term such statistics as weak and troubling because they could assert that despite an increase in employment opportunities, the growth in job market cannot match the increasing number of those seeking jobs hence an increase in the unemployed. These small changes are also described by Barro (par 1) as dismal in terms of economic recovery. The State of American Employment Age and Student Debt The teenagers in the age group of 16 to 19 years recorded an unemployment rate of 23.7% which did not change from the previous month. This was remarkably higher than that of adult males who had an employment rate of 7.3% and 7.2% recorded for adult females. This clearly shows that with an increase in age, there is greater job stability. Adults have job experience as compared to their inexperienced teenagers. There was n o change in the unemployment rate among the teenagers between 16 to 19 years of age; this was similar to adult males where the rate stood at 7.3% while the females recorded an increase of 0.2% (US Bureau of Statistics) The youths as consequence of unemployment are finding it hard to sustain themselves. Rampell (par 1) states that in this generation, the future of the young looks bleak. She says only one out of six young people work full time. Most of the young are struggling to put up with their parents; three out of five live with their parents. 73% of young people believe they need more education to find a better career, but only half of this percentage confirms they will enroll in the near future. Among the unemployed youths recent graduates are included. Weisman (par 6) in his article â€Å"53% of recent grads are underemployed or Jobless† says that, recent graduates are likely to work as waiters, waitress, bartenders, and food service helpers than as engineers, doctors, physicists, or mathematicians. However, most graduates will not take these jobs because the college degree is very expensive and students accumulate debts during the course of their studies. Re-servicing these loans is much harder when you are working for low salaries. Secondly, when college graduates ta ke up a low-paid or low-skill job, they're probably taking the place of a less educated worker. Krugman (par 11) argues that the debt burden is not the main problem facing the youths but it is, rather, the lack of jobs, which is preventing many graduates from getting started on their working lives. Gender and Employment Stability Analysis based on gender show that women have a slight edge over the males when it comes to job stability. The unemployment rate for women 16 years and over was 7.7% up by 0.2% from the previous month, while the rate for the males in the same age group was recorded as 8.0% and showed no change from the previous month. When the age is raised to 20 and above, the unemployment rate for women is 7.2 up by 0.2% from the previous month, while the men have an unemployment rate of 7.3% which had no change from the previous month. This statistics clearly indicate that the job stability between sexes is almost becoming equal. Both the young Males and females suffer f rom a high rate of unemployment as expressed by the fact that when the age is increased from 16 to 20 the unemployment goes down by 0.5% for females and 0.7% for

Nutrition Data and Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nutrition Data and Analysis - Assignment Example It is evident from the data that I am below the target of all the required food types or kinds that I am supposed to take in order to be in a position to count that I am eating healthy. All the graphs are showing a trend below the target for good and healthy eating. This aspect cuts across all the 12 graphs s shown above. My diet therefore, fails to meet the minimum amounts of needed food kinds to make me a healthy person. Basing on the data above, the weight of my height falls above the recommended health range. I think this can increase the risk of contracting diseases and facing or experiencing several problems of health. I may need to consider weight loss in order to be fit and healthy. My diet therefore, needs to be enhanced a bit and checked to ensure that it balances out well in order to make sure that what I take ends up making me healthy rather than exposing me to risks of disease. It may be important that I talk to a nutritionist or a health provider in order to seek guidance and help with selecting what is healthy for me to take. The counseling will include the pattern and the progam for eating and physical activity in order to balance out well and to eat healthy foods. This will greatly assist me in managing my weight, ensuring that I set goals, and I track the calories that I take. When carrying out an activity that is moderate, I can talk while when doing one that is vigorous I can say some few words when holding my breath. In order to increase the fibre level in my diet, I may have to choose foods rich in fibre as compared to those that lack fibre. This will help in the enhancement of my body tissues. In sufficient in-take of proteins and carbohydrates for instance, may contribute to illnesses. Therefore, I will need to watch keenly the amounts of all this types of food that I take so that I do not end up not balancing them. A healthy diet will ensure that I keep fit and safe. My body will not be susceptible to

Maslow and behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Maslow and behaviour - Essay Example Once these are met, then they provide a foundation for attaining a higher level of motivation that are based on the basic ones. For instance, after an individual achieves his or her safety and physiological needs, then they would be more inclined into belonging and finding acceptance among their peers and other groups that they identify with. Contrary to the mode of study done by Freud and B.F Skinner, Maslow opted to study successful and accomplished individuals such as Eleanor Roosevelt, Albert Einstein, and Fredrick Douglas. Walking through any institution of higher learning such as a college would open ones eye to the striking difference in the students of any one institution. Some of the glaring difference is evident in the health, confidence, and living conditions. However, it is apparent that all the students have needs. Therefore, it is necessary for individuals needs to be identified so that they can be met. This is why initial diagnostic assessment is so important. It is also essential to assess whatever has been put in place to check its suitability for purpose. Regular tracking and monitoring will enable the effectiveness to be measured and any necessary adjustments to be done. Deficiency needs are the first four levels of needs within the hierarchy. These needs must be satisfied before the person is motivated to be able to move to the higher levels. Once a deficiency need has been met the drive or desire to meet that need lessons. For example, you were hungry and could not concentrate on your lesson. You would feel quite differently once you had eaten and would be able to re-engage with your lesson. Having a small group i.e., eight students enables me to work closely with each and develop strong home-college links allowing me to notice if there are deficiency issues and respond accordingly. For example by helping families to access benefits so that they can pay

Hemolysis of Horse Red Blood Cell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hemolysis of Horse Red Blood Cell - Essay Example There are factors that contribute to the ability of the solute to pass through the cell membrane. One is the permeability of the cell membrane. Cell membrane is a lipid bilayer which does not allow ions and small hydrophilic molecules to freely pass the membrane (Kimball). Thus, for the sodium chloride, sodium sulfate and D-glucose solution to hemolyze the cell, a dilute solution should be used since this would increase the water concentration in the medium causing osmosis to occur. Another factor that determine membrane permeability is lipid solubility. Generally, low solubility in lipid would mean slower rate of entry to the cell (Crawford). Hydrophilic substances will pass through the membrane slowly. As shown in the results, D-glucose, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate were not able to cause hemolysis, Polarity and molecular size also affect the rate of entry of solute. Most polar molecules are hydrophilic; they cannot easily permeate the membrane (Cell Membrane, 2). Ethanol, propano-1-ol and glycerol, although polar, are small enough to pass through the membrane (Membrane Permeability). Notice that the time of hemolysis increases with molecular size with the glycerol having the longest time. Ammonium chloride was able to hemolyze the cell compared to other salts.

Strategic Planning Report to Mr. Komori Term Paper

Strategic Planning Report to Mr. Komori - Term Paper Example Currently, the profits are falling and copy approach that is engraved deep into the veins of the company is not doing justice to its potential. Hence, Fujifilm needs to follow a policy that gives chance to employees to bring out their create efforts and innovate in order to make sure that the company does not lose on money and does not lose on profitability. In simple terms, the company needs to kill the elephant and bring out a lion. It should be more creative, more aggressive and fiercer in dealing with opportunities, competitors and its clients. It cannot afford to be passive anymore due to the fast-changing nature of the world, and cannot use the same strategies to catch its prey anymore; instead a new more innovative approach is need every time the company goes out to catch its prey. The word â€Å"prey† in this context is Fujifilm’s market share and profitability. It is one thing that every company, and not just Fujifilm, would love to catch every time its goes ou t in wild to hunt. The competition will also be harsh since they are fighting the same battle, but Fujifilm needs to be harsher if it wants to succeed in the current market place and environment. There is an old saying â€Å"You have to be cruel to be successful† and Fujifilm needs to adopt this philosophy to be successful. However, it does not need to be cruel to its own people, but instead it need to tackle its competition by being fiercer and more aggressive. (Robbins, 2004) Mr. Komori recently moved to a more centralized approach. The restructuring plans showed that Research and development department was put under the control of the Board of Directors. In other words, the Research and Development department was accountable to the board rather than the departments for which it would be working for. This approach may lead to cost-containment, but it may kill the purpose of carrying out proper research and development. Hence, the decentralized research and development depar tment is the need of the company if it wants to become more innovative. The board should not interfere with the operational issues in the company; it should only give vision, mission and sense of direction to the company. Hence it is suggested that Research and Development should be dropped from Board of Director’s agenda and should be placed under the control of departments and division head. However, these department heads should be accountable to the board if it is deemed that the Research and Development is not being used properly or cost is rising rapidly. Since the film and camera business is declining and professional photography is much less in demand, Fujifilm cannot afford to cling onto its historical film and camera business. It needs to diversify to maintain the historical profit margins and rates. If the company keeps following the elephant approach or passive approach then it can die. Hence, the new vision and mission statement should show that the company is aw are of the needs of its shareholders and client and will do everything to make sure that their needs are fulfilled. (Daft, 1994) A good mission statement usually consists of three parts. It discusses the purpose of the firm, its values and also talks about the business that the firm is in. In the case of Fujifilm, the purpose of the company has changed since the decline of its Film and Camera business. The new war that the company

Plea-Bargaining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plea-Bargaining - Essay Example Defendants, however, derive the benefit of reduced sentences and the notion that the prosecution could still succeed in proving them guilty facilitates decision for plea-bargaining. Fear of bias in the judicial process could also be a factor (Siegel & Worrall 202, 203). Plea-bargaining does not serve justice to any stakeholder but only offer convenience to the overburdened criminal justice system. It only grants lenient charges to defendants, may force innocent defendants to plead guilty, and establish convenience for the prosecution and the judges, aspects that do not identify justice. Victims and the society however suffer injustice as wrongs against them escape necessary level of punishment (Siegel & Worrall 202, 203). Your post is precise and comprehensive to the prompts. The opinion on possibility of a defendant escaping charges at trial, if the prosecution fails to prove beyond reasonable doubt, is particularly outstanding. I believe it identifies justice in plea-bargaining for victims, especially in an environment that criminals could rely on wealth and brilliant lawyers as well as tampering with evidence to escape conviction. The post offers information on reasons for the high incidence of plea-bargaining such as time convenience for defendants and the prosecution and complexity in the prosecution’s burden of proof beyond reasonable doubt. The post, however, lacks precision and points are scarce in a multitude of words that are not incident to the

Goals of Bureaucracy Essay Example for Free

Goals of Bureaucracy Essay Bureaucracy is an organizational or governmental structure wherein the regulations and principles are set in a specified and rigid way to control the activities within a group. Bureaucracy follows a standardized set of procedures which its members are expected to follow in order to execute tasks. Bureaucracy is highlighted by its distinct characteristics which put emphasis on hierarchy, division of powers and relationships which translate to a formal political influence within the organization. The modern day practice of bureaucracy is set to towards reaching predetermined goals by sticking to rigid policies. Bureaucrats are expected to follow certain rules and regulations in order to ensure a smooth work flow within the organization (â€Å"Bureaucracy and Adhocracy,† n. d) Bureaucracy under different types of government works either for the benefit of the people, or their demise. As such, there are certain values that bureaucrat representatives must take into account in order to efficiently provide for the needs of the majority. There are different values which bureaucrats must be able adhere. These values are efficiency, accountability, neutrality and responsiveness to citizens among others. However, I personally believe that among these qualities and goals that a bureaucratic government must adhere, accountability and neutrality are two of the most important. Accountability within a government body is always important. Government bodies are elected because the majority of the people have chosen them represent their needs in the society. And as such, in a bureaucracy or in any other form of government, the importance of putting the people first is always a necessity (Mises, 1969, pp. 42-60). Accountability, if observed within a government translates into the other goals that bureaucracy should be accounted for. If government officials or bureaucrats will hold themselves accountable for the needs of the people, then they also render themselves responsive to the needs of the people who entrusted the government into leadership. Further, neutrality within the government system is equally as important. Leaders of a nation must, at all times, maintain neutrality – between the rich and poor; majority and minority. In this way, the rights of every individual for a fair and just treatment in the society will never be less prioritized. The right to fair treatment in the court or in the peoples daily lives is one of the most important aspect that a government or organization must provide to their people (Mises, 1969, pp. 42-60). Failure to provide the people with these two – accountability and neutrality – any government body or organization will function less properly and less effective in addressing the needs of the people. In addition, failure to make the people feel that the government is neutral in dealing with their people, and if the people felt that their government is less accountable to their needs and rights, people lose the trust they have for their government. Losing the trust of the people means that the organization itself is not efficient and is not effective into delivering the needs of the people. Thus, accountability and neutrality are two of the most distinct and important goals that any government or bureaucracy must instill. Accountability and neutrality, if put into practice, shall guide the government and the people to work efficiently together. These two values will render the government or organizational body the credibility towards the people under their rule. And as such, credibility shall also earn leaders respect and trust from the people.

English And Vietnamese Prepositions Contrastive Analysis Cultural Studies Essay

English And Vietnamese Prepositions Contrastive Analysis Cultural Studies Essay Prepositions are words used to connect nouns or noun structures to other structures in a sentence. They exist in both English and Vietnamese language systems. However, prepositions have different characteristics and usage in each language. The use of prepositions may cause lots of trouble for Vietnamese people when learning English and vice versa. Therefore, this paper aims at analyzing English and Vietnamese prepositions in a contrastive view, especially in showing direction and location so that leaners can find it easier to learn them. This paper also supplies some implications for teaching prepositions which can be useful for those who teaching English or Vietnamese. Through these implications, I hope that they can help teachers know how to help students use prepositions correctly and appropriately. Literature Review Prepositions in English Definition According to Oxford Advanced Learners dictionary, a preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun or pronoun to show place, position, time or method. Another definition is that a preposition may be defined as connecting word showing the relation of a noun or a noun substitute to some other words in the sentence (the squirrel in the tree; the preposition in shows the relationship between the squirrel and the tree.) (Prepositions: definition and usage, n.d). From these definitions, we can come to a conclusion about the function of a preposition which is it is used to connect nouns and noun structures with other structures in a sentence. Prepositions that we often use in everyday life are: with, at, by, to, in, for, from, of, on. It is estimated that these prepositions make up for ninety percent of preposition usage. The part following a preposition is called its object. The object of a preposition can be a noun, a pronoun, a gerund or a noun clause. For example, we have: a noun: We gave a present to our  secretaries. a  pronoun: We gave a present to  them. a  gerund: We thought about  giving  a present to them. a  noun clause: We thought about giving a present  to whoever worked for us. (Lougheed, n.d) Form Prepositions are often in one-word form; however, there are also other prepositions with more than one word. They are made up with two or three words. For example, we have on behalf of, in front of, in accordance with, in line with, in relation to and so on. Another form is called prepositional phrase. Prepositional phrases are groups of words that begin with a preposition and end with a noun or pronoun. Some phrases are used commonly and in a number of situations such as acting as an adjective  or an  adverb, locating something in time and space, modifying a noun, or telling when or where or under what conditions something happened. (Prepositions: Locator in time and place, n.d). Examples of these prepositional phrases are out of work, at any rate, by means of, in person, under orders, from now on and so forth. Besides, there are some called marginal prepositions which are verbal in forms, such as concerning, considering, including, pending and more. Usage Prepositions are used with a lot of functions including time, location, manner, means, quantity, purpose, and state or condition. Regarding to prepositions of time, there are some prepositions like at, on, in, from, since, for, during, to, till/until, after, afterwards, by.before and so forth. For example, we have: at six oclock, on Monday or in the evening. Another usage of prepositions is to show location. Some belong to this category are in,at,on,next to,beside, behind,in front of,opposite,near,on top of,under,above and so on. For example, Jone  lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham, She lives in Durham or Mary is sitting next to me. Prepositions of movement include: from,to,at,into,out of,towards,on,onto,across,through,around,along,up. For instance, he ran out of the room or Mary run towards the walls. Other usages are listed below. Means or agent: by: He was hit by a ball. from: His success results from careful planning . in: He takes pleasure in it. on: They live on bread and water. with: He chased the mongoose with a stick. Manner: by: By doing it yourself in: He left in confusion. like: He looks like a hero. on: I swear it on my word of honor. with: He ate it with a fork. State or condition: at: My friend is at work. by: They are by themselves in: He is in a state of confusion on: He is on duty (scheduled to work). for: I mistook you for someone else. as: I see her as a good person . Quantity or mesure: for: We drove for twenty miles. by: We bought them by the kilo Purpose: for: He bought it for an emergency. She went to the city for sightseeing. He loved her for her thoughtfulness. (Prepositions: definition and usage, n.d) Vietnamese Prepositions Definition Like English, Vietnamese also has a category of word which is similar to prepositions. We may call this category Vietnamese equivalent of English preposition. To make it simple, some people prefer to use the name preposition. Nevertheless, the notion preposition in Vietnamese is a quite complicated issue because some linguists have claimed that prepositions do not exist in Vietnamese. Yet, according to Tuc (2003), although the distinction between prepositions and serial verbs in Vietnamese is not always clear-cut, Vietnamese prepositions do exist (p.69). In his book, he also gave many examples to prove his opinion. Moreover, nowadays, in many books of teaching Vietnamese for foreigners, the name preposition is often used. Therefore, to be convenient, the name Vietnamese preposition is used for equivalent of English preposition in Vietnamese in this paper. Types of prepositions in Vietnamese According to Tran (2007) there are two main types of preposition in Vietnamese: prepositions of time and location. In addition, there are some other prepositions called miscellaneous ones. Prepositions of time are và  o (in, on, at), trong or suà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœt (during), trÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºc (before), sau (after), kà ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™ tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ « khi (since) and cho tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi khi (until). In terms of prepositions of location, there are trà ªn (on, above, over), trong (in, inside), chung quanh (around), bà ªn phà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £i (on the right of), cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡nh (next to) and so on. Finally, miscellaneous prepositions conclude cho (for), và ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi (with), và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  (about), nhà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  (thanks to), bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸i (by) and so forth. Here are some examples about how these prepositions are used in sentences. Their usage in Vietnamese is similar to in English. Time: Tà ´i thÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ng dà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­y và  o sà ¡u già ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  sà ¡ng (I usually get up at six am) Trong bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯a tià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡c cà ´ à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥y khà ´ng nà ³i gà ¬ cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £. (She said nothing during the party) Location: Bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡n tà ´i sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœng à ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸ Sà  i Gà ²n (My friend lives in Saigon) Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡n bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £o tà  ng nà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ±m bà ªn phà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £i tià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡m sà ¡ch cÃ…Â © (The museum is located on the right of the used bookstore) Miscellaneous: Là ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡i Ä‘Ã ¢y ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Å"i và ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi tà ´i! (Come and sit with me) Nhà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ º mua hoa cho tà ´i nhà ©. (Remember to buy flowers for me, OK?) Ä Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi và ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi tà ´i, chuyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡n Ä‘Ã ³ khà ´ng quan trà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ng (That issue doesnt matter to me) (Tran, 2007) Contrast between English and Vietnamese prepositions The notion preposition is quite an interesting issue. There may be so many things to say if we compare prepositions in English with those in Vietnamese in a large scale. Nonetheless, within this paper, I only make a contrast between English and Vietnamese prepositions in two aspects: prepositions of movement with directional verbs and locative prepositions because they often cause problems for Vietnamese people when learning English and vice versa. Prepositions of movement with directional verbs The first difference between English and Vietnamese prepositions is related to directional verbs. In English, directional verbs like come, go and arrive cannot take direct objects. This means they must have a preposition (or a prepositional phrase), bare particle or deictic verbial (bare noun phrase adverb). Since prepositions are being discussed in this paper, the examples with bare particle and deictic verbial are not mentioned. Here are the examples of directional verbs with prepositions Sally has gone  to  New York. Catrin will come  to  Sheffield next month. They arrived at the airport. (Vietnamese online grammar,n.d) In Vietnamese, by contrast, there is no need to use prepositions with these directional verbs because these verbs can take direct objects by themselves. We have these examples: Tuà ¡Ã‚ ºn trÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºc cà ´ Ä‘i Luà ¢n Ä Ãƒ ´n (Last week she went to London) Bao già ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  cà ´ à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥y Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹nh sang Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t Nam? (When does she intend to come to Vietnam?) Mà ¡y.bay xuà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœng phi-trà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ «Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡ng Lià ªn-khang. (The plane landed at Lien khang airport) (Vietnamese online grammar,n.d) Actually, in Vietnamese, there is no preposition which is similar to preposition to in English. The verb Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿n (reach, arrive at) is used instead as the following examples: Tà ´i khà ´ng cà ³ thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i già ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  Ä‘i (Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿n) bÆ °u Ä‘ià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡n I dont have time to go to the post-office Locative prepositions In English, space prepositions state the location of an object without paying attention to the position of the speakers. For example, English people often say: the plane is in the sky, the child is playing in the kitchen, cars run in the street. (McCarty, Pà ©rez, Torres-Guzman,  To, Watahomigie, 2004, p. 150). On the contrary, in Vietnamese, people tend to consider the position of the speakers. They say: mà ¡y bay à ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸ trà ªn trà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i (the plane is above him or her), Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©a trà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ » Ä‘ang chÆ ¡i trong nhà   bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿p (the child is inside the kitchen), nhà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ng chià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿c xe hÆ ¡i chà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡y ngoà  i Ä‘Æ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ng (cars are outside). Therefore, preposition in can be translated three ways into Vietnamese with three different meanings: trà ªn, trong, ngoà  i. In addition, Tran (2010) mentioned several differences between English and Vietnamese prepositions in terms of semantics and pragmatics. First, when describing the higher position, they take the contact meaning between trajector (Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi tÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £ng Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹nh và ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹) and landmark (Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi tÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £ng qui chià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿u) into consideration.For example, they distinguish the meaning of on, above and over. Meanwhile, Vietnamese people almost do not pay attention to this aspect. They just use the only word trà ªn. Second, when talking about the relation between above (trà ªn) and under (dÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi), English people are always aware of whether or not trajector (Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi tÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £ng Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹nh và ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹) is in the vertical reference (và ¹ng quy chià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿u thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ³ng Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©ng) of the land marks (Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi tÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £ng qui chià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿u) area. That is the reason why they have these words: above / over / on and under / below / beneath. In contrast, Vietnamese people only devide the space into two part above/under (trà ªn/dÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi).To indicate the middle position, English has in the middle of / between (for 2 objects) and among (for 3 objects and more) while Vietnamese use the word già ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯a for all these cases. Examples of this kind are summarized in the table below. Notion English prepositions Vietnamese prepositions TRONG in, inside trong NGOÀI out, outside, out of ngoà  i TRÊN on, upon,above,on top of, over,atop Trà ªn DÆ ¯Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¡I under, underneath, beneath, below dÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi TRÆ ¯Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¡C before,in front of, ahead of, preceding trÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºc SAU behind, following, at the back of (br), in the back of (ame) Sau BÊN by, near, next to, close to, beside, alongside, to the right/left bà ªn, cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡nh, sà ¡t, gà ¡Ã‚ ºn, kà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ , bà ªn phà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £i, bà ªn trà ¡i GIà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ®A within, among, between, in the middle of, in the midst of già ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯a (Tran, 2010) Implications for teaching After having contrasted English and Vietnamese prepositions in two aspects as above, I would like to mention the implications for teaching English at high school in our country. Since learners tend to translate everything into their mother tongue, teachers should be very careful when teaching English, especially prepositions. They need to realize that there is no exact one-to-one translation from English to Vietnamese and vice versa. Referring to the discussion prepositions with directional verbs, we know that when translating a sentence from English to Vietnamese or Vietnamese to English, sometimes we may add or omit the prepositions. For instance, we may not use preposition to with directional verbs in Vietnamese. Moreover, as discussed in the section Locative prepositions above, we can realize that a Vietnamese preposition may have several prepositions which are equivalent to them in English. Therefore, teachers should ask learners to take notice of this issue and know when to use the most appropriate preposition. In sum, to make sure the exact preposition is used, learners should observe how a preposition is used in a certain context. They should not tra nslate directly using prepositions in their language since prepositions can be used differently in different language. Moreover, the difference between Vietnamese and English prepositions is mainly due to semantics and the notion of reference (quan nià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡m quy chià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿u), so it is vital that teachers have enough knowledge of these fields to explain to students completely. Culture difference and the habit of using prepositions in each language are also the things that teachers should bear in mind. If teachers are very careful about these things, students may reduce making mistakes when using prepositions. Conclusion In conclusion, preposition is an interesting category in linguistics. There are so many things to discuss about preposition. However, sometimes learners may feel confused about how to use prepositions correctly, especially when Vietnamese prepositions have something different from English prepositions. That is the reason why learners often make mistakes when dealing with prepositions. A contrastive analysis in this area is necessary and important because it shows difference between English and Vietnamese prepositions in relation to direction and location. Directional and locative prepositions are the ones that often causes trouble to students more than other types. After having contrasted them, we can see that English prepositions are more complex than those in Vietnamese. Moreover, the research also suggest some implications for teaching prepositions in Vietnamese high school, so I hope that this research paper will be a piece of useful referent material for those who are interested in teaching a language aspect, particularly preposition.

Concepts in Communication

Concepts in Communication Application Assignment Section One: The Artifact My artifact of choice, which Im going to be utilizing to connect course terminology with external content herein, is the book Doctor Sleep, by Stephen King. The novel serves as a sequel to the classic horror story The Shining, and is set some thirty years in the future. At the outset of the plot, our primary protagonist, Dan Torrance, has hit rock bottom with his alcoholism (a hereditary reenactment of his own fathers sins) and moves to a quaint New English village following a conflict of morality he has inside of a womans apartment one morning. Here, he obtains seasonal work, joins a chapter of Alcoholics Anonymous, and later, establishes a permanent position at a local hospice. With the aid of his telepathic ability known as the shining, and a community cat with an ESP-like awareness, Dan becomes notoriously known as Doctor Sleep amongst the residents for his uncanny ability to comfort the dying, and provide them with some foresight into the journey beyond life. During this time, a young girl named Abra with a similar talent to Dans (though far more powerful) begins to reach out to him via telepathically encoding messages on a chalkboard inside of his private quarters at the hospice. Simultaneously, revelations are beginning to occur; correlating Abras unusual ability to a series of unexplainable events happening around her parents home. Suddenly, the oddities cease, and for many years, tranquil bliss ensues. Then, one day, Abra abruptly uses her talent in an attempt to enlist Dans assistance after witnessing a vision of a young boy being murdered by an organization known as the True Knot. The True Knot is essentially a semi-immortal band of RV travelers who have endured throughout the centuries by feeding on the essence of steam, which they siphon from the bodies of murdered children possessing the shining. Led by the diabolical Rose the Hat, the True Knot become aware of Abras existence and power by administering a reverse procedure. After becoming sick fro m a disease transmitted through the dead boy, the True Knot become adamant on capturing and killing Abra, and channeling her power as a means to sustain their continued survival. Following an in person discussion with the girl, Dan agrees to help, and confronts Abras father and family practitioner; who are then forced to come to terms with the nature of her talent. The men form a plot to ambush Roses henchmen, who are currently en-route to kidnap Abra. Upon successfully thwarting the agenda of the True Knot, it becomes apparent to the protagonists that Rose will relentlessly exhaust all available resources to avenge her fallen comrades and murder Abra. With a heightened sense of urgency, Dan formulates another plan, and makes a final pilgrimage to Colorado (ironically the exact location of the decimated Overlook Hotel from his childhood) with a scheme to put an end to the remains of the True Knot once and for all. At the conclusion of the story, Dan advantageously uses the mental co nnection between himself and Abra to defeat Rose and her remaining cohorts in a psychic battle; drawing upon the combined power of deceased ghosts and the girl, in conjunction with his own. Furthermore, Dan is ultimately able to silence the demons of his past, and establish an ongoing relationship with Abras family, whom he discovers is related by blood during the third act of the story. Section Two: Concepts in Communication Culture Gender In the second chapter of Kory Floyds textbook Interpersonal Communication: Third Edition, were presented with the ideal of in-groups and out-groups the ability to personally identify with others in contrast to those who we find dissimilar (35). Dissecting the concept further, it becomes evident that a portion of each individual culture (group) relies on the use of communication codes, which deepen their level of diversification from other groups by utilizing unique phrases and gestures to establish meaning. Jargon, which is a language used by members of a particular group that may appear nonsensical to those outside of it, (48) is one such format of said phrases. Communication and the Self Meandering onward through Floyd, we come across discussions regarding self-concept -ÂÂ   the set of stable ideas about who you are that compose your identity, (71) and specifically, the Johari Window; a model of scaling which aspects of your personality youre aware of versus which aspects remain a mystery to either yourself or others (72). Additionally, there are many factors that affect self-concept over time, and how we believe were being perceived by those around us dictates our sense of reflected appraisal. The notion is that we basically mirror the messages cast onto us when analyzing our value and self-worth as humans. Intrinsic processing aside, we also have tendencies to project our desired image onto others to create a sort of managed impression. This is commonly done to instill competence, flattery, and many other elements in an interaction. Interpersonal Perception In the midst of the fourth chapter in our class textbook, an illustration is given to the term egocentricity, by comparing the inability to take another persons perspective to the ignorance of toddler behavior patterns (120). Arguably of more prominence, however, is acknowledging the fact that some people consciously partake in this mindset in attempts to avoid uncertainty and, perhaps, even justify questionable actions. As an intelligent species, we humans constantly strive to make sense of whats going on around us. Unfortunately, making these inferences often results in logical fallacies in our interpretations. One potential way these errors are exposed is through overly attributing, or targeting a specific characteristic of a person in order to explain an array of observed mannerisms (129). Concerning Language A vast topic in itself, language is used every day for many purposes. From the persuasive aspect, the strategy of activating the listeners emotions by inducing pathos is a popular appeal to alter the manner in which they would typically respond to a given argument (152). On the other hand, words can also be used as weapons, and demoralize the recipient by means of contextual vulgar and obscenities (163): collectively referred to as profanity. The Nonverbal Category Floyd highlights ten separate channels in which our senses contribute to our ability to communicate without speaking. Chief among these is kinesics and proxemics the study of movement and personal boundaries, respectively (192,199). In society, its fairly commonplace to witness displays of affection (such as hugging) between individuals to convey emotion. Likewise, a personal bubble is a method of describing proximity preferences, derived from the politically correct latter term, and used frequently throughout Western countries to gauge the space and comfort relationship of an interaction. On the topic of sensory language; customary, or ritualistic touches, also come into play when conducting an activity tied to a traditional or repetitious nature (197). Section Three: Connecting My Chosen Concepts to My Artifact In Doctor Sleep, the True Knot exemplifies an in-group cultural bias consistently. They do this by coining the term rubes when referring to the majority of mankind who dont share their exotic traits and collectivistic religion. These references are generally accompanied by disdainful remarks, making my claim even more apparent. The cult also places a heavy emphasis on the use of jargon while performing their ritualistic ceremonies of sacrifice and conversion throughout the novel. We witness this in passages where ancient snippets of dialogue are recited, such as sabbatha hanti, lodsam hanti, and cahanna risone hanti. Great examples of self-concept are recurrently depicted in the character of Dan Torrance. Early on, he confides in a mentor of the AA program, voicing his thoughts of self-loathing and helplessness, while enveloping the Johari Window by refraining from disclosing information about the shining, for fear of instigating a bizarre reaction. He makes a solid effort to vindica te his past transgression by selling himself in a job interview, and project an image. Meanwhile, Abra carries the weight of reflected appraisal by attempting to suppress her powers for the benefit of her parents peace of mind. In the skirmish with the True Knot, Dans followers demonstrate egocentricity while speaking with a wounded woman named Andi; incredulous to how anyone could kill children, despite the necessity it imposes for the continued survival of the cult members. As Abra communicates with Dan secretly, here parents continuously over attribute her obscurity to being a female teenager. As the book begins to spiral toward the finale, Rose convinces one of her assistants to assume the role of an assassin, and hide in a storage shed overlooking the battlefield as a fail-safe method to assure victory. She accomplishes this by appealing to the womans pathos, and taking advantage of her grief stricken state following the death of a loved one. Profanity increases as the story re aches its climax, predominantly when the True Knot adopts the name bitch-girl when referencing to Abra, and all the frustration shes caused them. Finally, it should come as no surprise that a novel inspired by telepathy is rich with nonverbal communication. Numerous examples are found during the chalkboard writing scenes, where Abra signs off her messages with smiley faced emoticons, as well as turn-taking styles of shooting telepathic pictures back and forth between herself and Dan. Theres a chapter that influences the importance of proxemics when Abra and Dan meet outside of a public library for the first time. Not wanting to come off predatorily to bystanders, a certain level of caution is executed by Dan due to the age and gender differences of the characters. Doctor Sleep has a plethora of ritualistic touches. The True Knot grew stronger when they were united, so carrying out many of their duties while holding hands was customary. Abra also personified this term on several occa sions when she was required to hold objects in order to obtain clues to transpired events using her abilities. Works Cited Floyd, Kory. Interpersonal Communication 3rd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education, 2016. Print. King, Stephen. Doctor Sleep. New York: Pocket, 2013. Print.

The Sentiment, Mood, and Philosophy of The Best Slow Dancer :: Free Essay Writer

The Sentiment, Mood, and Philosophy of The Best Slow Dancer Feelings can twist reality in the most peculiar ways. Emotions push the mind to the most stunning conclusions, and stir within the soul the strangest storms. In fact, senses reach their peak in David Wagoner’s poetic work â€Å"The Best Slow Dancer†. In the poem, Wagoner brings out the height of sentiment through the eyes of a teenage boy at a school dance, who overcomes the teenage social hierarchy and his own fear to share in the longed-for dance with one special girl. All the while Wagoner takes his readers into depths of wafting dreaminess, romance, and intimacy they are projected through an unbroken flow of words uninterrupted by punctuation, rhythm, or strict lines. â€Å"The Best Slow Dancer† portrays the mental state of a boy as he experiences a dance. It is a short dance, but one that seems to him prolonged for an eternity, the â€Å"three-second rule forever/ suspended†. The feelings that go through the youth’s soul range from extreme delight to just as extreme tension, and the reader may see them all exhibited in the lines of the poem. His surety when with the girl in his embrace is seen when his â€Å"countless feet light-footed sure to move as they wished wherever [they] might stagger without her†, but then he â€Å"tried†¦to tell her [he wasn’t] the worst one†, the worst of the boys, the one that she would not be seen dead with—which implies that he is fearful of the fact that she might reject him, â€Å"not waving a sister somebody else’s partner†. The full textual image demonstrates that the boy is with all his heart trying to impress the girl, and gets the dance with her against all odds of popularity and such, and then he treasures the experience, as he says to himself â€Å"remember† at the end. All throughout â€Å"The Best Slow Dancer†, the key ingredient to the image within the reader’s mind is the mood set by the poem. The mood is mystical, quixotic, intimate, and continual. This state is accomplished by three techniques—poetic devices, turns of phrase, and contortion of syntax. The main pair of poetic devices that set up all these moods and humors simultaneously are enjambment and synecdoche. Enjambment is bizarre in this poetic work, especially in descriptions of physical setting or position, such as the setting of the dance, â€Å"in the school gym across the key through the glitter/ of mirrored light†, or the position of the main character with his â€Å"cheek against her temple, her ear just under/ that†.

Email Services and Customer Privacy in Light of Googles Gmail Service :: Internet

Email Services and Customer Privacy in Light of Google's Gmail Service Introduction Should email customers opt to give up their private correspondences to corporations in return for the promise of more overall privacy, as well as other incentives? Or should corporations be prevented to use the contents of email for any purpose, imposed by a government data privacy law, whether consent is given or not? In the case of the US-based corporation, Google, with its Beta introduction of Gmail[1], a new free email service, a customer who signs up to Google's new email service and its Privacy Policy [2] and Terms of Use [3], also signs up to have their email's contents read by a computer and processed by Google. This effectively announces that they have no expectations of the privacy [4] of anything related to their email, even what is written to them by other parties. Which, in turn, allows for one's 4th Amemdment rights to be further diluted because the "criteria for determining that a search is constitutional is: if it does not violate a person's reasonable or legitimate expection of privacy." [4,7] Will Google's bold move start a wave of new uses of customer's "private" data that may further errode privacy by showing that our expectations of our personal mail, phone conversations, or other forms of communications, are public domain, or atleast free to bartar with in order to obtain other services? At what point can this spiral effect on our rights to privacy be reversed, if at all? Already, there have been complaints from Europe [1], where there exists stricter data protection policies than the US,due to many factors that include the events of September 11 as well as the stance on self regulation on privacy issues here in the US[5,6]. Atleast 31 organizations "have written a letter calling upon Google to suspend its Gmail service until the privacy issues are adequately addressed." [9]the Gmail Services and their Issues Here are some of Gmail's proposed services and some Pro's and Cons. First off, the service entices customers to join by providing one GigaByte of email storage. This gives customers a good reason to switch and then stay, but it also allows for the storing of other sensitive information other than text that may have future privacy issues [1]. Secondly, the data may be stored indefinitely, even after the user deletes it or terminates their account.

Submarines :: essays research papers

The Evolution of the Sumarine Due to War The submarine is an extreamly useful tactical tool. Bred through war, the submarine is one of the most advanced covert weapons technologies today. The submarine is a ship designed and built to travel under water. A "true" submarine spends the majority of time under water and is capable of staying under water indefinaltely(Rush 140). The only "true" submarine today is the nuclear sub. The first "true" submarine is the U.S.S nautilus(Rush 141). There are two main types of war affiliated submarines, attack submarines and ballistic missile submarines. The attack submarine is designed to seek and destroy enemy submarines and surface ships. The much larger ballistic missile submarine is designed to carry multiple warheads to attack enemy cities and military facilities ashore(Polmar 748). The submarine origionated over 2,000 years ago when Alexander the great went below the Mediteranian Sea in a glass barrel(Wyckoff 13). Submarines were toyed with by scientists through the years but not many uses were found for the concept of a submersable until the revolutionary war. The first attack submarine was the Turtle, designed by a student at Yale university by the name of David Bushnell, it's purpose was to sink a British war ship in New York Harbor(Polmar 750). It's mission was a failure but none the less was the first attempt to sink a ship with a submersable(Polmar 750). The first success was made durring the Civil War(Polmar 750). The Confederate sub Hunley rammed the Union ship Housatonic in Charleston Harbor, and both the Hunley and the Housatonic sank(Polmar 750). The Hunley's weapon consisted of an explosive at the end of a long pole wich was to be set off when in close enough proximity to the ship it was to attack(Polmar 750). The submarine has advanced dramaticly due to war. The first major advancement in submarine technology is the invention of a gasoline and batery powered submarine by John P. Holland(Polmar 750). This ship was bought by the US Navy in 1900 and named the U.S.S Holland(Polmar 750). The U.S.S Holland was capable of speeds of 6 knots submerged(Polmar 750). The gasoline and battery powered combination allowed for submarines to run on gasoline while surfaced, and by battery power when submerged and combustion was no longer possable without wasting valuable oxogen within the submarine. The next leap in the technological development of the submarine was the periscope developed by Simon Lake in 1902(Polmar 750).

Word 2007 Introduction

First, we'll take you through the Microsoft Office Button, he Quick Access Toolbar, Ribbons, Tabs and Groups – to familiarize you with these common features. Then we'll show you some of the unique Ribbons, Tabs and Groups of each application. If you have 2007 Office installed on your computer here are a couple of hints on how we'll proceed. To open an application, Double click quickly on the application icon (Word, PowerPoint, Excel, etc. ) on the Windows desktop. Or, click the Start button, in the lower left corner of the screen, then click All Programs, move the cursor over Microsoft Office and select the application you desire.In this tutorial, when we indicate that you need to click a mouse button, it will mean to click the left mouse button – unless we indicate that you should click the right mouse button. So, always move the cursor over the â€Å"place† we indicate and â€Å"click left† unless we tell you otherwise. The Microsoft Office Button We'll use Microsoft Word 2007 for our initial illustrations of Ribbon, Tab and Group examples. The first thing you'll notice, when you open a 2007 Office application is that there is no longer a File choice in the Menu Bar.The arrow above points to the Microsoft Office Button – which replaces File. As you move your cursor over the ight) will appear. Click the Microsoft Office button. Microsott Ottlce Button a preview image (image on When you click the Microsoft Office button, it will turn orange and a â€Å"File like† menu will appear (similar to the image on the right). You'll notice that you now have little images for choices and that some of them have little arrows pointing to the right. These arrows indicate that there are additional choices for a selection.We'll show you one of these on the next page. On the right side of the Microsoft Office Button menu screen you will see your most recently used files – Recent Documents (see arrow above on right). Each Microsof t Office Button menu is tailored to its Office application (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, etc). Move your cursor over the arrow to the right ot the Print button (1 ),a menu ot print choices will appear on the right – under Preview and print the document ( 2. ) (image on right). Click Print ( 3. ) at the top of the Menu. A standard Print Menu screen will appear.It is suggested that you spend a few minutes clicking the various choices in the Microsoft Office Button menu screen to familiarize yourself with what they do. If you look at the bottom of the Microsoft Office Button menu screen you will see two uttons. Since we're using Word, the buttons indicate Word Options and Exit Word. The buttons change with each application (e. g. PowerPoint will indicate PowerPoint Options). When you click the Word Options button the image below will appear. Notice, on the left side of the menu screen there are a number of choices (e. g. Personalize, Display, Proofing, etc. . when you click a choice on the left side of the screen, the options for that choice appear on the right. Take a few minutes and move through these choices to familiarize yourself with this menu screen. You will see that Microsoft has placed lot of resources that were under File-Tools-options, in previous versions of Office, in this menu. The last choice – Resources – furnishes a lot of online resources for the application which you are using. We click ed the Microsott Word Resources text lin an image below appeared. Notice all of the useful online resources available to you.Quick Access Toolbar In the upper left corner – to the right of the Microsoft Office Button – you will see an area called the Quick Access Toolbar (image on left). This area is quite handy as it currently contains several of the most used buttons in Office applications – Save, Undo, Redo, Print and Print Preview. You can customize this toolbar by adding and removing as many Quick Access button choices as you desire. In the Quick Access Toolbar (on the left) you can see we added the Insert Picture button – since we are using it a lot for this tutorial.To add this button to the toolbar we first clicked the Insert Tab and then RIGHT clicked the Insert Picture button. One of the choices was Add to Quick Access Toolbar. When we clicked this choice the Insert Picture button was added. You can add any button you choose by doing this. To remove buttons from the Quick Access Toolbar Just RIGHT click on the button you esire to remove and choose Remove from Quick Access Toolbar. Ribbons This is the new term you hear a lot about in 2007 Office. Ribbons stretch across the top of your application screen with features to assist you as you click the Ribbon Tabs.To us, Tabs and Ribbons are the same. It like unreeling holiday ribbon from a spool and seeing new images on the ribbon – very cool! So, we'll cover Tabs/Ribbons in great detail. Tabs Below the Microsoft Office Button and Q uick Access Toolbar we see a series of Tabs/ Ribbons. Tabs are similar to the Drop Down Menu choices in previous versions of Office. The Tabs are, logically, a bit different for each 2007 Office application to assist you with the most common features of that application. All the 2007 Office applications begin with the Home tab.The Home Tab/Ribbon tor Word 2007 looks like the image below. The Home Tab/Ribbon for PowerPoint 2007 looks like the image below. The Home Tab/Ribbon for Excel 2007 looks like the Image below. The Home Tab/Ribbon for Access 2007 looks like the Image below. You'll quickly notice that the Home Tab/Ribbon for each application shows the Clipboard as the left â€Å"Group† (except in Access) In Word and Excel, the Font Tab/ Ribbon is to the right, but in PowerPoint, because working with slides is paramount, the Slides Tab/Ribbon comes next.If you have 2007 Office installed on your computer, open these four applications and take a few minutes looking at each a pplication's Home Tab/Ribbon. Notice, the Tabs to the right of the Home Tab/Ribbon are tailored to each application. We'll work a bit with this in a little while. Groups In the image below, the arrows point to a new topic – Groups. Clipboard Editing Font Paragraph Styles Clipboard Group The Tab/Ribbon bar images (in this tutorial) are hard to read, so we've placed arrows in the image above) tor the Groups in the Word Home Tab/Ribbon.Again, the Tabs/ Ribbons, and Groups,will vary depending on the application you're using. Let's look a bit at the Groups in Word. The first Group on the Word Home Tab is Clipboard. To open a Group you move your cursor over the little down pointing arrow in the lower right corner of a group. This arrow is enlarged in the image below. When you click this arrow the image on the right appears. Notice that the Clipboard appears on the left side of your screen and shows any text or images youVe copied. To close this group, click the â€Å"X† in t he upper right corner of the Group.Notice, in the Font Group area (above), you have the most used Font features. However, if you desire all of the font features, Just click the Open Group arrow to the right of Font. An old friend – the Font menu screen appears (when you click the Open Group arrow). You'll see this a lot as your learn more about 2007 Office. Many of the â€Å"tried and true† menu screens will appear in logical places. Select Text Mini Toolbar When you're working with text and fonts a really ingenious â€Å"new thing† occurs as you highlight text – a Select Text Mini Toolbar appears!In the image on the right we highlighted – Highlight Text. When we paused the cursor over the highlight, a â€Å"shadow like† toolbar appeared. When we move our cursor over the toolbar, it is ready for us to use it to modify our text. This is really handy as many ot text tormatting teatures are in the try this, be patient, it sometimes takes a few tries. ini oo ar. The tlrst time you Notice in the Paragraph Group area (left) you again have the most used Paragraph features.However, if you desire all of the paragraph features, Just click the Open Group arrow to the right of Paragraph. The Paragraph menu screen appears when you click the Open Group arrow to the right of the Paragraph Group. You should now have a â€Å"feel† for how the Tabs/ Ribbons and Groups work together to assist you. Hang on! The next Group on the Word Home Tab/Ribbon is Styles. If you go back to Page 6 and glance at the Word, PowerPoint and Excel Home Tabs, you'll see that the right portion of a Tab is where the application selections change to fit the application.In Word you can now select a style from the Styles Group (image below). If you click the More arrow in the lower right corner of the Styles group, you will see additional choices. When you click the More arrow you will see an image similar to the one below. Notice that we are in Times New Roman – Normal. On the next page we'll show you one of the really, really neat new features in 2007 Office. Fasten your seatbelts! We're going to highlight this paragraph (when we have finished typing it). Then we're going to open the Styles Group.When the Group is open we'll move our cursor over the choices, and as we do, you'll see, in the images below, that the entire paragraph changes to that Style! We selected Sty Look le. And another†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Other Tabs/Ribbons – the text now appears! When you move to the other Tabs/Ribbons, you'll notice that they contain their own Groups – associated with that Tab. The Insert Tab/Ribbon (below) has logical â€Å"things† that you would insert into a document – Shapes, Pages, Tables, Illustrations, Links, Headers/Footers, Text and Symbols.Again, depending on your choices, many selections allow you to â€Å"preview' what youVe highlighted – similar to the two illustrations above. It is suggested t hat you click the Tabs/Ribbons in each application you'll be using to get a â€Å"feel† for them. The Page Layout Tab/Ribbon also has logical selections – Themes, Page Setup, Page Background, Paragraph and Arrange. The References Tab/Ribbon will really come in handy for those publishing long documents, articles or books – Table of Contents, Footnotes, Citations & Bibliography, Captions, Index, and Table of Authorities.The Mailings Tab/Ribbon lets you work with Envelops, Labels, Mail Merge, Fields and Preview. It includes Create, Start Mail Merge, Write and Insert Fields, Preview Results and Finish. The Review Tab/Ribbon has the Proofing Tools, Comments, Tracking, Changes, Compare and Protect features. The View Tab [Ribbon allows you to change the document Views, do now ide, Zoom and arrange your Windows. This gives you a â€Å"feel† for how the Tabs/Ribbons work in Word 2007. Again, it would be prudent to look at the other 2007 Office applications you wil l be using – to get a similar sense for these new features.

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe

C. S Lewis wrote the new(a) The Lion, the enthral and the mechanical press initially for his Goddaughter in set up to keep her in touch with Christianity. What Lewis did not realize is that many adults would alike roll in the hay the fantasize childrens myth as well. The narrative is filled with mythical creatures, ironic moments, and suspenseful situations. Although many events and characters seem improbable, the quaternity children in the book ray of light, Susan, Edmund, and Lucyare realistically portrayed as well-rounded characters with single strengths and faults.Although the novel is acceptd as a childrens legerdemain book, it is also everyday with adults as the story contains bits of modern culture, brilliant descriptions of military unit and is heavy on Christian illustration. As much as the readers sleep with the magical land of Narnia, 21st blow living is not exactly rise of Dryads, Naiads and Fauns frolicking and feasting in the summer woods. By contr ast, in todays childrens fantasy novels, not every unjustness is punished, and not all the good slew live happily ever afterward or so of them die, because that is worldly concern.Between school shootings, gang up military separate and child abuse is seems as though reality is thousands of miles a g overnment agency from the fantasy of comp allowe and total justice in Narnia. What readers of all ages provide repair to, however, is treachery. For example, spouses who cheat, employees who drop off from their employers, and friends who tell lies. This modern idea of betrayal is where readers from any age can relate to the novel. In the narrative, Edmunds first betrayal is a gloomy but grim one Up to that moment Edmund had been emotional state sick, and sulky, and annoyed with Lucy for organism right, but he hadnt made up his mind what to do.When Peter suddenly asked him the question he trenchant all at once to do the meanest and most spiteful thing he could phone of. H e decided to let Lucy down (Lewis 48). Edmund lies ab expose his trip to Narnia in order to make himself look master in the eyes of his older siblings. This small cruelty will pave the modality for his greater betrayal further in the story. Readers of any age can assort with the modern culture of betrayal in the novel, where minimal details are explored that over time lead to Edmund turning his plump for on his siblings.This novel features an odd fluff of childish menace and bloody battles. adolescent children who read this story enjoy the fairy-tale aspects, enchantment older readers can appreciate the repetition of scenes in which the children are often soothe by the sudden availability of tea, and the way the military units of good seem to always exceed the evil. The use of violence throughout the novel deals strictly with fantasy for children, where it is mainly use for excitement. On the other hand, for older readers the violence in the novel can be seen as conseque ntial where extreme force is used as simply fit resort.For example, as the head of the forces of evil, the smock becharm is not playing a pine hand when she exclaims, Summon all our sight to meet me here as quickly as they can. chew the fat out the giants and the werewolves and the spirit up of those trees who are on our side. Call the Ghouls, and the Boggles, the Ogres and the Minotaurs. Call the Cruels, the Hags, the Spectres, and the people of the Toadstools. We will fight (Lewis 149) at that place are many different creatures in Narnia that follow the White Witch and she further when acts as their stone cold captain.This summons explores evil where it is not an isolated disaster in Narnia it is the idea of violence and commands a great deal of power. The Lion, the Witch and the mechanical press functions as a spiritual allegory where one does not have to be too familiar with the account book to recognize some of the key characters and themes. Without doubt, Aslan represents Jesus Christ, and also God himself, whereas the White Witch represents Satan. Narnia, where the find happens, visibly represents the Kingdom of God. Clearly on that point is no direct retelling of any of the Bible stories however, readers can find elements taken and redistributed for younger readers.In addition, having this biblical reality come to life is important to underwrite a committed Christian life style not only for children, but also for adults. For instance, when Edmund arrives in Narnia alone, he immediately meets the White Witch where he is tempted with the enchanted Turkish Delight and the promise of becoming a prince of Narnia. The White Witch explains to Edmund, I think I would like to make you the Prince some day, when you bring the others to visit me (Lewis 40). Succumbing to temptation is a very powerful theme in the Bible, where Jesus is tempted by Satan in the wilderness with promises of great power.Not only does Lewis restate certain events in the life of Jesus in a linguistic context that is easy to understand, most importantly, readers of all ages can twain relate to and enjoy the fantasy of Narnia. An understanding of the modern reality, use of violence and Biblical allegory in the novel is essential in satisfying both younger and older readers. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe has already established itself as a timeless novel that appeals to both the atheists and Christians, the illiterate and to scholars, and lastly to children and adults.In addition to being a childrens fantasy book, it is an adventure story in which the heroes set out on a quest to resume their kidnapped friend and end up view the land. An analysis of this narrative, however, allows readers of any age to amply appreciate Lewis unique gift to alter complex ideas and craft beautiful childrens fantasies. Thus, this allows the reader of any age group to gain a deeper understanding of Lewis as a skilled creative generator and a deeper satis faction of his artwork, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.